[高智商注意缺陷/多动障碍儿童及青少年的实际执行功能表现]

[Practical executive function performance in high intelligence quotient children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder].

作者信息

He Xiao-xiao, Qian Ying, Wang Yu-feng

机构信息

Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.

出版信息

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013 Jan 15;93(3):172-6.

PMID:23570588

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To explore the practical executive function profiles in high IQ (intelligence quotient) children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a Chinese sample population.

METHODS

For this cross-sectional study, we identified 124 outpatients aged 6.8 - 13.1 years with a high IQ fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV), 68 children and adolescents without ADHD aged 6.5 - 13.1 years with a high IQ matched by high IQ children and adolescents with ADHD, 124 outpatients aged 6.8 - 13.2 years with an average IQ with ADHD and 68 normal children and adolescents aged 6.4 - 13.1 years with an average IQ matched by IQ. We operationalized high IQ as having a full scale intelligence quotient (IQ or FSIQ) ≥ 120 on Chinese version Wechsler intelligence scale for children (C-WISC) and an average IQ as 90 ≤ IQ < 110. All the above groups were matched by age. All subjects completed practical executive function tests, including Stroop color-word, trail-making, digit span, Tower of Hanoi task and verbal fluency to assess their ability in the aspects of inhibition, shifting, working memory, planning and verbal fluency.

RESULTS

ADHD group with a high IQ performed worse on the Stroop color-word (3.18 ± 0.05) and trail-making tests (4.38 ± 0.55) than normal control group with a high IQ (2.92 ± 0.07 and 4.05 ± 0.07) (P < 0.01). The test performances of trail-making, digit span (4.86 ± 0.13) and fluency (23.0 ± 0.5) were significantly better in high IQ ADHD group than average IQ ADHD group (4.10 ± 0.07 and 19.9 ± 0.5) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Though a bit better than average IQ ADHD group in shifting, working memory and verbal fluency, the high IQ children and adolescents with ADHD perform worse than high-IQ controls on inhibition and shifting. IQ may protect practical executive function.

摘要

目的

在中国样本人群中探究高智商（智力商数）的注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童及青少年的实际执行功能概况。

方法

在这项横断面研究中，我们确定了124名年龄在6.8至13.1岁、智商较高且符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）中ADHD诊断标准的门诊患者，68名年龄在6.5至13.1岁、智商较高且与ADHD高智商儿童及青少年匹配的无ADHD儿童及青少年，124名年龄在6.8至13.2岁、平均智商且患有ADHD的门诊患者，以及68名年龄在6.4至13.1岁、平均智商且与上述患者智商匹配的正常儿童及青少年。我们将高智商定义为中文版韦氏儿童智力量表（C-WISC）上的全量表智力商数（IQ或FSIQ）≥120，平均智商为90≤IQ<110。上述所有组均按年龄匹配。所有受试者均完成了实际执行功能测试，包括Stroop色词测试、连线测试、数字广度测试、河内塔任务和言语流畅性测试，以评估他们在抑制、转换、工作记忆、计划和言语流畅性方面的能力。

结果

高智商ADHD组在Stroop色词测试（3.18±0.05）和连线测试（4.38±0.55）中的表现比高智商正常对照组（2.92±0.07和4.05±0.07）差（P<0.01）。高智商ADHD组在连线测试、数字广度测试（4.86±0.13）和流畅性测试（23.0±0.5）中的表现显著优于平均智商ADHD组（4.10±0.07和19.9±0.5）（P<0.01）。