School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Int Nurs Rev. 2021 Dec;68(4):533-542. doi: 10.1111/inr.12719. Epub 2021 Oct 8.
To identify practices, beliefs, and potential gaps in knowledge about partería tradicional in Latin America.
BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: Partería tradicional (lay midwifery) refers to ancestral knowledge used by laypersons, mainly parteras tradicionales (lay midwives), to provide health care to women and children. This care, initiated prior to formalization of health care continues today. Descriptions of the intergenerational oral transmission of partería tradicional knowledge and practice in Latin America exist without related synthesis.
Qualitative synthesis of the literature, including publications in Spanish, English, and Portuguese indexed in public databases over the previous 22 years concerning partería tradicional. Identification of categories, themes, and bias reporting via PRISMA processes, using the Thomas and Harden's approach and the Noblit and Hare's methodological recommendations.
Partería tradicional themes included "ancestral knowledge," "destiny and a spiritual calling," "woma's heritage," and "a means for providing health care."
Parteras tradicionales are key providers of health care for rural and urban marginalized communities. Limited knowledge and understanding of this practice impacts interactions between parteras tradicionales, midwives, and nurses. An interchange of knowledge is fundamental for care congruent with culture and the humanization of women's reproductive health.
Communities with unresolved health care needs benefit via collaboration between formal health practices and partería tradicional. A compelling need for inquiry to preserve the art of partería tradicional exists internationally. Parteras tradicionales must be considered when formulating health care policy, thereby enhancing their historic role among the most vulnerable populations in Latin America: protecting, caring, and addressing health care needs.
识别拉丁美洲传统助产实践、信念和知识差距。
背景/引言：传统助产（非专业助产）是指主要由传统助产妇（非专业助产士）使用的祖传知识，为妇女和儿童提供医疗保健。这种护理始于医疗保健正式化之前，至今仍在继续。关于拉丁美洲传统助产知识和实践的代际口头传承的描述存在，但没有相关的综合研究。
对过去 22 年来西班牙语、英语和葡萄牙语索引公共数据库中有关传统助产的文献进行定性综合。通过 PRISMA 流程，使用托马斯和哈登的方法和诺布利特和黑尔的方法学建议，对类别、主题和偏倚报告进行识别。
传统助产的主题包括“祖传知识”、“命运和精神召唤”、“女性遗产”和“提供医疗保健的手段”。
传统助产妇是农村和城市边缘化社区的主要医疗保健提供者。对这种做法的有限了解和理解会影响传统助产妇、助产士和护士之间的互动。知识交流对于与文化一致的护理和妇女生殖健康的人性化至关重要。
有未解决的医疗保健需求的社区通过正规医疗实践和传统助产的合作受益。国际上迫切需要对传统助产术进行调查研究，以保护其艺术。在制定医疗保健政策时，必须考虑到传统助产妇，从而增强她们在拉丁美洲最脆弱人群中的历史作用：保护、关爱和满足医疗保健需求。
