Hunt Leiema, Norton Abigail, Daines Chantel, Friedbaum Evie, Topham Danica, Moffat Ryan, Torres Scott, Linehan Mary, Jusril Hafiza, Hall Cougar, Crookston Benjamin, West Josh
Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University, South Jordan, UT, USA.
Arch Public Health. 2021 Oct 9;79(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s13690-021-00697-y.
Reducing childhood stunting continues to be a priority in Indonesia. In 2015, the National Nutrition Communication Campaign (NNCC) implemented mass media and interpersonal communication (IPC) interventions to disseminate stunting-related information. Whereas other studies of the NNCC's impact on attitudes and behaviors are currently underway, the purpose of this study was to better understand the factors associated with exposure to the media and IPC components of the NNCC.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted following the NNCC media and IPC campaigns in rural Indonesia. The final study sample included 1734 mothers. Survey data was collected from each participant by trained interviewers using an electronic tablet. Responses relating to demographic and socioeconomic factors, use of social media and WhatsApp, and electronic device ownership were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses, using SAS version 9.4, were conducted to evaluate the relationship between technology-related items and exposure to both the media and the IPC interventions.
Owning an internet device (OR = 1.643, CI = 1.237-2.183, p < 0.001), accessing social media (OR = 1.81, CI = 1.32-2.49, p < 0.001), using a device to access health information (OR = 2.068, CI = 1.469-2.911, p < 0.0001), and accessing WhatsApp (OR = 1.663, CI = 1.175-2.355, p < 0.05) were positively related to exposure to NNCC messages meant to change behavior to decrease stunting. In separate analyses, owning an internet device (OR = 0.609, CI = 0.459-0.81, p < 0.001) accessing social media (OR = 0.626, CI = 0.459-0.854, p < 0.05), using a device to access health information (OR = 0.528, CI = 0.377-0.740, p < 0.001), and accessing WhatsApp (OR = 0.688, CI = 0.489-0.968, p < 0.05) were negatively related to IPC exposure. Mothers with access to internet-accessible devices were more likely to be exposed to the media campaign component to decrease stunting while mothers without access to internet-accessible devices were more likely to be exposed through IPC.
Mothers who owned devices that could access the internet were more likely to have been exposed to the media campaign component to decrease stunting by behavior change but were less likely to participate in IPC activities. The opposite was true for mothers who did not have access to internet-accessible devices. These findings may be used to inform future community health efforts in rural Indonesia and similar regions that may be considering the use of both mass media and interpersonal interventions to influence health behaviors in order to decrease stunting.
减少儿童发育迟缓仍是印度尼西亚的一项优先任务。2015年，全国营养宣传运动（NNCC）实施了大众媒体和人际传播（IPC）干预措施，以传播与发育迟缓相关的信息。鉴于目前正在进行其他关于NNCC对态度和行为影响的研究，本研究的目的是更好地了解与接触NNCC的媒体和IPC组成部分相关的因素。
在印度尼西亚农村地区开展NNCC媒体和IPC活动之后进行了一项横断面调查。最终的研究样本包括1734名母亲。经过培训的访谈员使用电子平板电脑从每位参与者那里收集调查数据。对与人口统计学和社会经济因素、社交媒体和WhatsApp的使用以及电子设备拥有情况相关的回答进行了分析。使用SAS 9.4版进行逻辑回归分析，以评估与技术相关的项目与接触媒体和IPC干预措施之间的关系。
拥有互联网设备（比值比[OR]=1.643，可信区间[CI]=1.237 - 2.183，p<0.001）、使用社交媒体（OR=1.81，CI=1.32 - 2.49，p<0.001）、使用设备获取健康信息（OR=2.068，CI=1.469 - 2.911，p<0.0001）以及使用WhatsApp（OR=1.663，CI=1.175 - 2.355，p<0.05）与接触旨在通过改变行为来减少发育迟缓的NNCC信息呈正相关。在单独分析中，拥有互联网设备（OR=0.609，CI=0.459 - 0.81，p<0.001）、使用社交媒体（OR=0.626，CI=0.459 - 0.854，p<0.05）、使用设备获取健康信息（OR=0.528，CI=0.377 - 0.740，p<0.001）以及使用WhatsApp（OR=0.688，CI=0.489 - 0.968，p<0.05）与IPC接触呈负相关。能够使用可联网设备的母亲更有可能接触到旨在通过行为改变减少发育迟缓的媒体宣传部分，而无法使用可联网设备的母亲更有可能通过IPC接触到相关信息。
拥有可联网设备的母亲更有可能接触到旨在通过行为改变减少发育迟缓的媒体宣传部分，但参与IPC活动的可能性较小。对于无法使用可联网设备的母亲来说，情况则相反。这些发现可用于为印度尼西亚农村地区以及可能正在考虑同时使用大众媒体和人际干预措施来影响健康行为以减少发育迟缓的类似地区的未来社区卫生工作提供参考。
