Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Research Group (PARAVET), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Spain.
Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Spain.
Exp Parasitol. 2021 Nov;230:108169. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108169. Epub 2021 Oct 7.
More than 50 years after anthelmintic resistance was first identified, its prevalence and impact on the animal production industry continues to increase across the world. The term "anthelmintic resistance" (AR) can be briefly defined as the reduction in efficacy of a certain dose of anthelmintic drugs (AH) in eliminating the presence of a parasite population that was previously susceptible. The main aim of this study is to examine anthelmintic resistance in domestic herbivores. There are numerous factors playing a role in the development of AR, but the most important is livestock management. The price of AH and the need to treat a high number of animals mean that farmers face significant costs in this regard, yet, since 1981, little progress has been made in the discovery of new molecules and the time and cost required to bring a new AH to market has increased dramatically in recent decades. Furthermore, resistance has also emerged for new AH, such as monepantel or derquantel. Consequently, ruminant parasitism cannot be controlled solely by using synthetic chemicals. A change in approach is needed, using a range of preventive measures in order to achieve a sustainable control programme. The use of nematophagous fungi or of plant extracts rich in compounds with anthelmintic properties, such as terpenes, condensed tannins, or flavonoids, represent potential alternatives. Nevertheless, although new approaches are showing promising results, there is still much to do. More research focused on the control of AR is needed.
抗蠕虫药物耐药性在被首次发现 50 多年后，其在世界范围内的流行和对动物生产行业的影响仍在不断增加。“抗蠕虫药物耐药性（AR）”这个术语可以简单地定义为：一定剂量的抗蠕虫药物（AH）消除先前敏感的寄生虫种群的功效降低。本研究的主要目的是检查家畜的抗蠕虫药物耐药性。有许多因素会导致 AR 的发展，但最重要的是牲畜管理。AH 的价格以及需要治疗大量动物意味着农民在这方面面临着巨大的成本，但自 1981 年以来，在发现新分子方面几乎没有取得进展，而且近几十年来，将一种新的 AH 推向市场所需的时间和成本大幅增加。此外，新的 AH，如莫能菌素或苯并咪唑，也出现了耐药性。因此，反刍动物寄生虫病不能仅通过使用合成化学品来控制。需要改变方法，使用一系列预防措施，以实现可持续的控制计划。使用食线虫真菌或富含驱虫特性化合物的植物提取物，如萜类、缩合单宁或类黄酮，是潜在的替代方法。然而，尽管新方法显示出有希望的结果，但仍有许多工作要做。需要更多的研究来关注 AR 的控制。
