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, a Standardized Herbal Formula, Enhances Gastric Emptying via Modulation of the Ghrelin Pathway in a Loperamide-induced Functional Dyspepsia Mouse Model.

作者信息

Hwang Seung-Ju, Wang Jing-Hua, Lee Jin-Seok, Lee Hwa-Dong, Choi Tae-Joon, Choi Seo-Hyung, Son Chang-Gue

机构信息

Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea.

National Institute for Korean Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.

出版信息

Front Pharmacol. 2021 Sep 22;12:753153. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.753153. eCollection 2021.


DOI:10.3389/fphar.2021.753153
PMID:34630123
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8493126/
Abstract

Yeokwisan, a standardized herbal formula, has exhibited clinical benefit for patients suffering from refractory functional dyspepsia (FD) in Korea since 2016. However, data about the mechanism of action of this formula are yet not available. To evaluate and explore the effects of Yeokwisan on gastric emptying, a major symptom of functional dyspepsia, and its underlying mechanisms of action using a mouse model. BALB/C mice were pretreated with Yeokwisan (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, po) or mosapride (3 mg/kg, po) for 5 days and then treated with loperamide (10 mg/kg, ip) after 20 h of fasting. A solution of 0.05% phenol red (500 μL) or diet of 5% charcoal (200 μL) was orally administered, followed by assessment of gastric emptying or intestinal transit. Plasma acyl-ghrelin (ELISA), C-kit (immunofluorescence and western blotting), nNOS (western blotting) and gastric contraction- and ghrelin-related gene/protein expression levels were examined in stomach and small intestine tissues. Loperamide injection substantially delayed gastric emptying, while Yeokwisan pretreatment (especially 200 and 400 mg/kg Yeokwisan) significantly attenuated this peristaltic dysfunction, as evidenced by the quantity of phenol red retained in the stomach ( < 0.05 or 0.01) and stomach weight ( < 0.05 or 0.01). The levels of plasma acyl-ghrelin and expression of gastric ghrelin-related genes, such as growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT), adrenergic receptor β1 (ADRB1) and somatostatin receptor (SSTR), were significantly normalized ( < 0.05 or 0.01) by Yeokwisan (400 mg/kg). Yeokwisan (400 mg/kg) significantly tempered the loperamide-induced alterations in the c-kit and nNOS levels ( < 0.01) as well as the expression of contraction- and ghrelin-related genes, such as 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R), anoctamin-1 (ANO1), ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3) and smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK), in the stomach, but not in the small intestine. The present results showed the clinical relevance of Yeokwisan, in treating FD, especially in promoting gastric emptying but not small intestinal transit. The main mechanisms corresponding to these effects may involve the modulation of the ghrelin pathway and activation of interstitial cells of Cajal in stomach tissue.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/88afb7d0e435/fphar-12-753153-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/6ed510e19fa7/fphar-12-753153-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/f70160e73de5/fphar-12-753153-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/a3ddfe42c11e/fphar-12-753153-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/075e79209a39/fphar-12-753153-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/2020a8d5b32b/fphar-12-753153-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/2fada517a55b/fphar-12-753153-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/88afb7d0e435/fphar-12-753153-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/6ed510e19fa7/fphar-12-753153-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/f70160e73de5/fphar-12-753153-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/a3ddfe42c11e/fphar-12-753153-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/075e79209a39/fphar-12-753153-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/2020a8d5b32b/fphar-12-753153-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/2fada517a55b/fphar-12-753153-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e99/8493126/88afb7d0e435/fphar-12-753153-g007.jpg

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, a Standardized Herbal Formula, Enhances Gastric Emptying via Modulation of the Ghrelin Pathway in a Loperamide-induced Functional Dyspepsia Mouse Model.

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引用本文的文献

[1]
Comparative evaluation of two herbal formulas for gastrointestinal function and gut microbiota modulation in rats with loperamide-induced dyspepsia.

Sci Rep. 2025-8-25

[2]
, a standardized herbal formula, promotes gastrointestinal motility via modulation of the acetylcholine pathway in a loperamide-induced functional dyspepsia mice.

Pharm Biol. 2025-12

[3]
HP7 Improves Gastric Emptying by Modulating Digestive Factors in a Loperamide-Induced Functional Dyspepsia Mouse Model.

J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025-3-11

[4]
Yeokwisan: Standardised Herbal Formula Enhancing Gastric Mucosal Protection Against Gastric Ulcers in Mice, a Preclinical Study.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025-1-2

[5]
Simultaneous Analysis of Thirteen Compounds in Yeokwisan Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Detection and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Their Antioxidant Effects.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024-6-4

[6]
Comparative Assessment of the Anti- Activity and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Herbal Formulas for Functional Dyspepsia In Vitro.

Cells. 2024-5-24

[7]
Improvement of functional dyspepsia with Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall via regulating brain-gut peptide and gut microbiota structure.

Eur J Nutr. 2024-8

[8]
Effects of Saikosaponin D on Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Morphological Structure of Intestinal Cells of Cajal with Functional Dyspepsia.

Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2024

[9]
Luteolin ameliorates loperamide-induced functional constipation in mice.

Braz J Med Biol Res. 2023

本文引用的文献

[1]
Beneficial Potential of for Stress-Sensitive Functional Dyspepsia via Modulation of Ghrelin: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Front Pharmacol. 2021-4-20

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J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2021-6-18

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Functional dyspepsia.

Lancet. 2020-11-21

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Laxative effect and mechanism of Tiantian Capsule on loperamide-induced constipation in rats.

J Ethnopharmacol. 2021-2-10

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Herbal medicine in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019-11-7

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The Mechanism of Action of Ghrelin and Motilin in the Pacemaker Potentials of Interstitial Cells of Cajal from the Murine Small Intestine.

Mol Cells. 2019-6-30

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Timing and Predictors of Recurrence of Dyspepsia Symptoms after Cessation of Acotiamide Therapy for Functional Dyspepsia: A Long-Term Observational Study.

Digestion. 2020

[8]
Banha-sasim-tang improves gastrointestinal function in loperamide-induced functional dyspepsia mouse model.

J Ethnopharmacol. 2019-3-30

[9]
The Unfulfilled Promise of Prokinetics for Functional Dyspepsia/Postprandial Distress Syndrome.

Am J Gastroenterol. 2019-2

[10]
Anti-Depressive Effectiveness of Baicalin In Vitro and In Vivo.

Molecules. 2019-1-17

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