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孕期和哺乳期暴露于双酚A或双酚S对成年雌性小鼠的骨骼结局影响极小。

Gestational and lactational exposure to BPA or BPS has minimal effects on skeletal outcomes in adult female mice.

作者信息

Dirkes Rebecca K, Welly Rebecca J, Mao Jiude, Kinkade Jessica, Vieira-Potter Victoria J, Rosenfeld Cheryl S, Bruzina Pamela S

机构信息

Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America.

Biomedical Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Thompson Center for Autism and Behavioral Disorders, Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America.

出版信息

Bone Rep. 2021 Oct 1;15:101136. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101136. eCollection 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Bisphenol-A (BPA) and bisphenol-S (BPS) are estrogen disrupting chemicals (EDCs) found in the environment and common household items. Estrogen is a primary hormonal regulator of bone growth and development; however, the impact of gestational BPA or BPS exposure on skeletal health of offspring remains relatively unknown. In this longitudinal study, adult female mice were randomized into three groups: 200 μg BPA/kg BW (BPA), 200 μg BPS/kg BW (BPS) or control (CON). Animals in each group were further randomized to exercise treatment (EX) or sedentary (SED) control, resulting in six overall groups. BPA/BPS/CON and EX/SED treatment were initiated prior to mating and continued through mating, gestation, and lactation. One female offspring from each dam ( = 6/group) was assessed at 17 weeks of age to evaluate effects of EDC exposure on the adult skeleton. Cortical geometry of the mid-diaphysis and trabecular microarchitecture of the distal femur were assessed via micro-computed tomography. Biomechanical strength and mineral apposition rate of the femoral diaphysis were assessed via three-point bending and dynamic histomorphometry, respectively. Sclerostin expression was measured using immunohistochemistry. Two-factor ANOVA or ANCOVA were used to determine the effects of maternal exercise and BPA or BPS exposure on trabecular and cortical bone outcomes, respectively. Consistent with prior studies, there were no significant differences in body weight, femoral length, cortical geometry, trabecular microarchitecture, or biomechanical strength between groups in female offspring. In conclusion, gestational BPA exposure and maternal exercise have minimal impact on skeletal outcomes in female adult offspring.

摘要

双酚A(BPA)和双酚S(BPS)是在环境和普通家居用品中发现的雌激素干扰化学物质(EDC)。雌激素是骨骼生长发育的主要激素调节因子;然而,孕期暴露于BPA或BPS对后代骨骼健康的影响仍相对未知。在这项纵向研究中,成年雌性小鼠被随机分为三组:200μg BPA/kg体重(BPA)组、200μg BPS/kg体重(BPS)组或对照组(CON)。每组动物进一步随机分为运动处理组(EX)或久坐对照组(SED),共形成六个总体组。BPA/BPS/CON和EX/SED处理在交配前开始,并持续至交配、妊娠和哺乳期。在17周龄时评估每只母鼠的一只雌性后代(每组n = 6),以评估EDC暴露对成年骨骼的影响。通过显微计算机断层扫描评估股骨干中段的皮质几何结构和股骨远端的小梁微结构。分别通过三点弯曲和动态组织形态计量学评估股骨干的生物力学强度和矿物质沉积率。使用免疫组织化学法测量硬化蛋白的表达。分别使用双因素方差分析或协方差分析来确定母体运动以及BPA或BPS暴露对小梁骨和皮质骨结果的影响。与先前的研究一致,雌性后代各组之间在体重、股骨长度、皮质几何结构、小梁微结构或生物力学强度方面没有显著差异。总之,孕期暴露于BPA以及母体运动对成年雌性后代的骨骼结果影响极小。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0e23/8489156/604f1c8672bd/gr1.jpg

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