Crop and System Sciences Division, International Potato Center, La Molina, Lima 15023, Peru.
Emeritus Faculty, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
Plant Dis. 2022 Feb;106(2):691-700. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-21-1897-RE. Epub 2022 Feb 8.
Potato virus V (PVV) causes a disease of potato () in South and Central America, Europe, and the Middle East. We report here the complete genomic sequences of 42 new PVV isolates from the potato's Andean domestication center in Peru and of eight historical or recent isolates from Europe. When the principal open reading frames of these genomic sequences together with those of nine previously published genomic sequences were analyzed, only two from Peru and one from Iran were found to be recombinant. The phylogeny of the 56 nonrecombinant open reading frame sequences showed that the PVV population had two major phylogroups, one of which formed three minor phylogroups (A1 to A3) of isolates, all of which are found only in the Andean region of South America (Peru and Colombia), and the other formed two minor phylogroups, a basal one of Andean isolates (A4) that is paraphyletic to a crown cluster containing all the isolates found outside South America (World). This suggests that PVV originated in the Andean region, with only one minor phylogroup spreading elsewhere in the world. In minor phylogroups A1 and A3, there were two subclades on long branches containing isolates from evolving more rapidly than the others, and these interfered with dating calculations. Although no temporal signal was directly detected among the dated nonrecombinant sequences, PVV and potato virus Y (PVY) are from the same potyvirus lineage and are ecologically similar, so "subtree dating" was done via a single maximum likelihood phylogeny of PVV and PVY sequences, and PVY's well-supported 157 ce "time to most common recent ancestor" was extrapolated to date that of PVV as 29 bce. Thus the independent historical coincidences supporting the datings of the PVV and PVY phylogenies are the same; PVV arose ≥2,000 years ago in the Andes and was taken to Europe during the Columbian Exchange, where it diversified around 1853 ce, soon after the European potato late blight pandemic. PVV is likely to be more widespread than currently realized and is of biosecurity relevance for world regions that have not yet recorded its presence.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
马铃薯 Y 病毒（PVY）会引起南、中美洲、欧洲和中东地区的马铃薯病害。我们在此报告 42 株来自秘鲁马铃薯安第斯驯化中心的新 PVY 分离株和 8 株来自欧洲的历史或近期分离株的完整基因组序列。分析这些基因组序列与 9 个先前发表的基因组序列的主要开放阅读框时，仅发现 2 株来自秘鲁的和 1 株来自伊朗的是重组的。56 个非重组开放阅读框序列的系统发育分析表明，PVY 群体有两个主要的系统发育群，其中一个形成了三个较小的系统发育群（A1 至 A3），这些分离株均仅在南美洲的安第斯地区（秘鲁和哥伦比亚）发现，另一个形成了两个较小的系统发育群，一个是基础的安第斯分离株系统发育群（A4），它与包含所有在南美洲以外发现的分离株的一个冠群聚类是并系的（世界）。这表明 PVY 起源于安第斯地区，只有一个较小的系统发育群传播到世界其他地方。在较小的系统发育群 A1 和 A3 中，有两个长分支上的亚分支，包含比其他分支进化更快的分离株，这干扰了日期计算。尽管在已测定的非重组序列中没有直接检测到时间信号，但 PVV 和马铃薯 Y 病毒（PVY）来自同一个马铃薯 Y 病毒科病毒谱系，且在生态上相似，因此通过 PVV 和 PVY 序列的单个最大似然系统发育进行了“分支日期推断”，并推断出 PVY 的 157 年 CE“最近共同祖先的时间”为 29 年 BCE。因此，支持 PVV 和 PVY 系统发育日期推断的独立历史巧合是相同的；PVV 起源于 2000 多年前的安第斯山脉，并在哥伦布交换期间被带到欧洲，在那里它于 1853 年 CE 左右多样化，就在欧洲马铃薯晚疫病大流行之后不久。PVV 的分布可能比目前意识到的更为广泛，并且对尚未记录其存在的世界区域具有生物安全相关性。
