Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Département Ingénierie des Équipements de Travail, France.
Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5292, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, France.
Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2022 Dec;28(4):2385-2395. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1991681. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
The influence of wearing hearing protectors on the detection of seven railway warning signals in noise was evaluated by comparisons of the masked thresholds measured with and without hearing protectors, out of a total of 80 listeners. The results show that wearing hearing protection devices (HPDs) improves the audibility for normal hearing listeners whereas it tends to impede the audibility for hearing impaired listeners. Moreover, the impediments greatly depend on the warning signal acoustical characteristics. Statistical analyses were performed in order to propose a criterion for hearing impaired listeners that guarantees their security when wearing hearing protectors. If we do not consider one given high-pitched signal that is not suitable as a warning signal, the conclusion is that security is assured when the average absolute hearing threshold (average at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz for the best ear) of the listeners remains lower than a hearing level of 30 dB.
共 80 名听力者参与了这项研究，研究人员通过对比佩戴和不佩戴听力保护装置时的掩蔽阈值，评估了佩戴听力保护装置对七种铁路警示信号在噪声中可听度的影响。结果表明，佩戴听力保护装置有助于提高正常听力者的可听度，而对听力受损者的可听度则往往有阻碍作用。此外，这种阻碍作用在很大程度上取决于警示信号的声学特征。为了给佩戴听力保护装置的听力受损者提出一个保障其安全的准则，研究人员进行了统计分析。如果我们不考虑一个给定的不适合作为警示信号的高音信号，那么当听力者的最佳耳的 500、1000 和 2000Hz 的平均绝对听力阈值（平均值）低于 30dB 的听力级时，就可以确保安全。
