大小问题：透明质酸在中枢神经系统衰老和疾病中的作用。
Matters of size: Roles of hyaluronan in CNS aging and disease.
机构信息
Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
出版信息
Ageing Res Rev. 2021 Dec;72:101485. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101485. Epub 2021 Oct 9.
Involvement of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in aging and age-related neurodegeneration is not well understood. The role of hyaluronan (HA), a major extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, in malignancy and inflammation is gaining new understanding. In particular, the differential biological effects of high molecular weight (HMW-HA) and low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA), and the mechanism behind such differences are being uncovered. Tightly regulated in the brain, HA can have diverse effects on cellular development, growth and degeneration. In this review, we summarize the homeostasis and signaling of HA in healthy tissue, discuss its distribution and ontogeny in the central nervous system (CNS), summarize evidence for its involvement in age-related neurodegeneration and Alzheimer Disease (AD), and assess the potential of HA as a therapeutic target in the CNS.
细胞外基质 (ECM) 成分在衰老和与年龄相关的神经退行性变中的作用尚不清楚。透明质酸 (HA) 是细胞外基质糖胺聚糖的主要成分，其在恶性肿瘤和炎症中的作用正在得到新的认识。特别是，高分子量 (HMW-HA) 和低分子量透明质酸 (LMW-HA) 的差异生物学效应及其背后的机制正在被揭示。HA 在大脑中受到严格调控，可对细胞发育、生长和退化产生多种影响。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 HA 在健康组织中的动态平衡和信号转导，讨论了其在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的分布和发生，总结了其参与与年龄相关的神经退行性变和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的证据，并评估了 HA 作为 CNS 治疗靶点的潜力。
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