Department of Culture Communication, General Education Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(11):15915-15930. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16545-z. Epub 2021 Oct 11.
This study examines the impact of remittance inflow and foreign direct investment on ecological footprint in top ten remittance-receiving counties in the presence of economic growth and renewable and non-renewable energy under the framework of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis over the period of 1990-2018 by employing the continuously updated fully modified (CUP-FM) and the continuously updated bias-corrected (CUP-BC) estimators. The results show that remittance inflow, foreign direct investment, and non-renewable energy utilization affect the ecological footprint positively while renewable energy utilization negatively impacts on ecological footprint. This study also supports the pollution haven hypothesis and inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis. The turning point obtained from long-run regression was found to be approximately $1368.65 outside of the sample period. Besides, the results are robust to various robustness analyses that we have executed for inspection of the reliability of our main findings. Finally, this study presents important policy implications with respect to the top remittance-receiving countries.
本研究在环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说的框架下，利用连续更新的完全修正（CUP-FM）和连续更新的有偏修正（CUP-BC）估计器，考察了在经济增长以及可再生和不可再生能源存在的情况下，汇款流入和外国直接投资对十大汇款接收国生态足迹的影响。结果表明，汇款流入、外国直接投资和不可再生能源利用正向影响生态足迹，而可再生能源利用负向影响生态足迹。本研究还支持污染避难所假说和倒 U 型 EKC 假说。从长期回归中得到的转折点发现在样本期之外约为 1368.65 美元。此外，我们还进行了各种稳健性分析，以检验我们主要发现的可靠性，结果是稳健的。最后，本研究就主要汇款接收国提出了重要的政策含义。
