Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
ANZ J Surg. 2022 Jan;92(1-2):34-45. doi: 10.1111/ans.17268. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
This review discusses how renaissance artists such as Leonardo and Michelangelo had to undertake anatomical studies of human cadavers in order to understand the anatomy that then informed their artworks, whether they were drawings, paintings or sculpture. Around this time, anatomists, such as Vesalius and Estienne, had to in part become artists or engage with artists and artisans to illustrate their many discoveries. This review tries to portray how this was occurring in a period in history not only when there was a shift-taking place in philosophical and theological thinking about the human condition but also when there was a concurrent revolution in the visual language with the advent of print reproduction. This allowed the creation of essentially the first medical texts, and the wide dissemination of newly acquired knowledge for the advancement of surgery and medicine henceforth. A classic example of where this did not align is Leonardo de Vinci many of whose original works were hidden for 150-400 years. This review also describes how learning anatomy and artistic endeavours still have a mutually beneficial relationship in the modern world-a second 'Renaissance'. Examples are given such as body painting, exposure of art students human cadavers resources and lastly there is consideration of how modern anatomy relies on many new technologies that allow students and practitioners to 'dissect' in a virtual sense and with the advent of a new visual language, that is, 3D printing, to create novel artforms of educational significance.
这篇综述讨论了文艺复兴时期的艺术家，如达芬奇和米开朗基罗，为了理解他们的艺术作品所依据的解剖结构，不得不对人体解剖进行研究，无论是绘画、绘画还是雕塑。大约在这个时候，解剖学家，如维萨里乌斯和埃斯蒂安，不得不部分地成为艺术家，或者与艺术家和工匠合作，以说明他们的许多发现。这篇综述试图描述这种情况是如何在历史上的一个时期发生的，当时不仅哲学和神学对人类状况的思维发生了转变，而且随着印刷术的出现，视觉语言也同时发生了革命性的变化。这使得第一批医学文本得以创建，并广泛传播新获得的知识，以促进此后的手术和医学的发展。一个经典的例子是达芬奇，他的许多原作都被隐藏了 150-400 年。这篇综述还描述了学习解剖学和艺术活动在现代世界中仍然具有相互有益的关系——第二个“文艺复兴”。例如，人体绘画、暴露艺术学生人体解剖资源，最后还考虑了现代解剖学如何依赖许多新技术，使学生和从业者能够在虚拟意义上“解剖”，并随着新的视觉语言的出现，即 3D 打印，来创造具有教育意义的新艺术形式。
