Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, China.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2021 Oct 11;134(23):2818-2824. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001791.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious health issue because of its severe sequelae. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV is critical to eliminate chronic HBV infection. Here, we reviewed the progress toward the elimination of HBV infection in children in China in the recent decade. A universal hepatitis B vaccination program started from 2002 has been intensified, with the coverage of timely birth dose >95% of all newborn infants from 2012. Since 2011, China has taken a nationwide program to administer hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) with free of charge in all neonates of HBV-infected mothers, leading to a significant increment of timely use of HBIG. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was declined from around 10% among children in 1980s to <0.5% among children born after 2011. Administration of oral antiviral agents in HBV-infected pregnant women with HBV DNA >2 × 105 U/mL during the third trimester is increasing, which will further reduce MTCT of HBV. However, there are some challenges in the elimination of HBV infection in children, which need to overcome by the concerted efforts. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that China will achieve the goal set by the World Health Organization that the prevalence of HBsAg in children aged <5 years is ≤0.1% by 2030.
慢性乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染是一个严重的健康问题，因为它会导致严重的后果。预防乙型肝炎母婴传播 (MTCT) 对于消除慢性 HBV 感染至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了近十年来中国在儿童中消除 HBV 感染的进展。自 2002 年开始实施的普遍乙型肝炎疫苗接种计划得到了加强，及时出生剂量的覆盖率在 2012 年达到了所有新生儿的>95%。自 2011 年以来，中国在全国范围内为所有 HBV 感染母亲的新生儿免费提供乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白 (HBIG)，这导致及时使用 HBIG 的比例显著增加。乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) 的流行率从 20 世纪 80 年代儿童中约 10%下降到 2011 年后出生的儿童中<0.5%。在 HBV 感染孕妇中，在妊娠晚期 HBV DNA >2 × 105 U/mL 时使用口服抗病毒药物的情况正在增加，这将进一步降低 HBV 的母婴传播率。然而，在消除儿童 HBV 感染方面仍存在一些挑战，需要共同努力克服。尽管如此，预计中国将实现世界卫生组织设定的目标，即在 2030 年，<5 岁儿童的 HBsAg 流行率≤0.1%。
