Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; email:
Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 2022 Jan 27;73:55-64. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-113212. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
The rapid development and deployment of mRNA and adenovirus-vectored vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to astound the global scientific community, but these vaccine platforms and production approaches have still not achieved global COVID-19 vaccine equity. Immunizing the billions of people at risk for COVID-19 in the world's low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) still relies on the availability of vaccines produced and scaled through traditional technology approaches. Vaccines based on whole inactivated virus (WIV) and protein-based platforms, as well as protein particle-based vaccines, are the most produced by LMIC vaccine manufacturing strategies. Three major WIV vaccines are beginning to be distributed widely. Several protein-based and protein particle-based vaccines are advancing with promising results. Overall, these vaccines are exhibiting excellent safety profiles and in some instances have shown their potential to induce high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses (and protection) both in nonhuman primates and in early studies in humans. There is an urgent need to continue accelerating these vaccines for LMICs in time to fully vaccinate these populations by the end of 2022 at the latest. Achieving these goals would also serve as an important reminder that we must continue to maintain expertise in producing multiple vaccine technologies, rather than relying on any individual platform.
mRNA 和腺病毒载体疫苗在防治 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）方面的快速开发和部署仍令全球科学界惊叹不已，但这些疫苗平台和生产方法仍未能实现全球 COVID-19 疫苗公平分配。为世界上中低收入国家（LMICs）中数以亿计有感染 COVID-19 风险的人接种疫苗，仍依赖于通过传统技术手段生产和扩大规模的疫苗。基于全灭活病毒（WIV）和基于蛋白的平台的疫苗，以及基于蛋白颗粒的疫苗，是 LMIC 疫苗制造策略中生产最多的疫苗。三种主要的 WIV 疫苗开始广泛分发。几种基于蛋白的和基于蛋白颗粒的疫苗也在取得有希望的结果。总体而言，这些疫苗表现出极好的安全性，在某些情况下，它们在非人类灵长类动物和早期人体研究中显示出诱导高水平病毒中和抗体和 T 细胞反应（和保护）的潜力。迫切需要及时为 LMIC 加速推进这些疫苗，以便最迟在 2022 年底之前为这些人群全面接种疫苗。实现这些目标还将重要提醒我们，我们必须继续保持生产多种疫苗技术的专业知识，而不是依赖任何单一平台。
