Clinic of General, Special Care, and Geriatric Dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2021 Oct 12;16(10):e0258118. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258118. eCollection 2021.
Interaction with fish is known to reduce stress and anxiety in humans.
This trial evaluated the effect of an aquarium present in a geriatric dental clinic waiting-area (WA) on blood pressure (BP), heart-rate (HR), anxiety, and mood of waiting patients.
Participants were recruited into three groups: control (CG): WA without aquarium; partially-stocked aquarium (PSA): aquarium without fish; fully-stocked aquarium (FSA): aquarium with fish. BP and HR of the participants were recorded upon arrival and after 20-minutes of waiting, along with anxiety [State trait anxiety inventory (STAI-6)] and mood [Feeling scale (FS), Felt arousal scale (FAS)] scores. A purpose-built questionnaire evaluated the subjective assessment of the participants' experience in the WA. ANOVA with repeated measures and nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05).
392 patients (mean age: 65.07±16.9y) completed this trial. There was an effect of time on the BP [systolic: F(1, 120) = 44.82, p<0.001; diastolic: F(1, 120) = 25.10, p<0.001] and HR [F(1, 120) = 40.94, p<0.001]. No effect of groups on BP [systolic: F(1, 120) = 1.01, p = 0.32; diastolic: F(1, 120) = 0.01, p = 0.92] was revealed, but a decrease of HR [F(1, 120) = 21.59, p<0.001]. No effect of time*group on BP [systolic: F(1, 120) = 0.89, p = 0.35; diastolic: F(1, 120) = 0.31, p = 0.58], or HR [F(1, 120) = 1.04, p-0.31]. WA groups had no effects on the participants' anxiety [H(2) = 2.76, p = 0.25], or mood [FS: H(2) = 2.28, p = 0.32; FAS: H(2) = 1.54, p = 0.46]. Patients rated FSA higher than others [H(2) = 20.98, p<0.001).
There was no influence of the presence of an aquarium on the patients' blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, or mood.
与鱼类互动已知可减轻人类的压力和焦虑。
本试验评估了在老年牙科诊所候诊室（WA）中放置水族馆对血压（BP）、心率（HR）、焦虑和候诊患者情绪的影响。
参与者被招募到三个组中：对照组（CG）：无水族馆的 WA；部分水族馆（PSA）：无鱼的水族馆；满水族馆（FSA）：有鱼的水族馆。参与者的 BP 和 HR 在到达时和等待 20 分钟后进行记录，同时记录焦虑[状态特质焦虑量表（STAI-6）]和情绪[感觉量表（FS），感觉唤醒量表（FAS）]评分。一个专门设计的问卷评估了参与者在 WA 中的主观体验。使用重复测量的方差分析和非参数检验进行统计分析（p<0.05）。
392 名患者（平均年龄：65.07±16.9y）完成了这项试验。BP 有时间的影响[收缩压：F(1, 120) = 44.82，p<0.001；舒张压：F(1, 120) = 25.10，p<0.001]和 HR [F(1, 120) = 40.94，p<0.001]。没有发现组对 BP 的影响[收缩压：F(1, 120) = 1.01，p = 0.32；舒张压：F(1, 120) = 0.01，p = 0.92]，但 HR 降低[F(1, 120) = 21.59，p<0.001]。BP 没有时间*组的影响[收缩压：F(1, 120) = 0.89，p = 0.35；舒张压：F(1, 120) = 0.31，p = 0.58]或 HR [F(1, 120) = 1.04，p-0.31]。WA 组对参与者的焦虑[H(2) = 2.76，p = 0.25]或情绪[FS：H(2) = 2.28，p = 0.32；FAS：H(2) = 1.54，p = 0.46]没有影响。患者对 FSA 的评分高于其他组[H(2) = 20.98，p<0.001]。
水族馆的存在对患者的血压、心率、焦虑或情绪没有影响。
