Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 22;22(19):10182. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910182.
The transmissible respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people worldwide since its first reported outbreak in December of 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, multiple studies have shown an inverse correlation between the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and the severity of COVID-19, with low HDL levels being associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes. Some studies revealed that HDL binds to SARS-CoV-2 particles via the virus's spike protein and, under certain conditions, such as low HDL particle concentrations, it facilitates SARS-CoV-2 binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and infection of host cells. Other studies, however, reported that HDL suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In both cases, the ability of HDL to enhance or suppress virus infection appears to be dependent on the expression of the HDL receptor, namely, the Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1), in the target cells. SR-B1 and HDL represent crucial mediators of cholesterol metabolism. Herein, we review the complex role of HDL and SR-B1 in SARS-CoV-2-induced disease. We also review recent advances in our understanding of HDL structure, properties, and function during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the resulting COVID-19 disease.
自 2019 年 12 月中国武汉首次报告爆发传染性呼吸道疾病 COVID-19 以来，由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的这种疾病已经影响了全球数百万人。此后，多项研究表明，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）颗粒水平与 COVID-19 的严重程度呈反比，HDL 水平低与严重后果的风险增加有关。一些研究表明，HDL 通过病毒的刺突蛋白与 SARS-CoV-2 颗粒结合，并且在某些条件下，例如 HDL 颗粒浓度低，它促进 SARS-CoV-2 与血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）结合并感染宿主细胞。然而，其他研究报道 HDL 抑制了 SARS-CoV-2 感染。在这两种情况下，HDL 增强或抑制病毒感染的能力似乎取决于靶细胞中 HDL 受体（即 Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1，SR-B1）的表达。SR-B1 和 HDL 是胆固醇代谢的重要介质。在此，我们回顾了 HDL 和 SR-B1 在 SARS-CoV-2 诱导的疾病中的复杂作用。我们还回顾了最近在 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间对 HDL 结构、特性和功能的理解的最新进展，以及由此导致的 COVID-19 疾病。
