Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
Faculty of Sociology, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 24;18(19):10035. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910035.
Smartphone use has changed patterns of online and offline interaction. Phubbing (i.e., looking at one's phone instead of paying attention to others) is an increasingly recognized phenomenon in offline interaction. We examined whether people who phub are more likely to have lower social intelligence, whether phubbing is considered more annoying than being ignored due to reading a magazine, and if people describe smartphones and magazines differently as sources of social distraction. We collected two survey samples ( = 112, = 108) for a cartoon-based role-playing experiment (the Bystander Inaccessibility Experiment) in which a smartphone user and a person reading a magazine ignored the respondents' conversational initiatives. Annoyance in each scenario was measured, and written accounts were collected on why the respondents rated the scenarios the way they did. Other measures used included the Generic Scale of Phubbing, Generic Scale of Being Phubbed, and Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale. The results showed that participants in both samples were more annoyed by phubbing than by being ignored due to reading a magazine. Linear regression analyses showed that phubbing was associated with lower social intelligence, even after adjusting for confounding factors. The annoyingness of phubbing was explained with negative attitudes toward smartphones, which were assumed to be used for useless endeavors, while magazines were more appreciated and seen as more cultivating. The role of bystanders' epistemic access to the smartphone user's activities is discussed.
智能手机的使用改变了线上和线下互动的模式。低头症（即只顾看手机而不关注他人）是线下互动中一种越来越被认可的现象。我们研究了低头症患者是否更有可能社交智力较低，与看杂志相比，人们是否认为被看手机更令人讨厌，以及人们是否将智能手机和杂志描述为不同的社交干扰源。我们收集了两个基于漫画的角色扮演实验（旁观者不可及性实验）的调查样本（样本 1：n = 112；样本 2：n = 108），在实验中，一个智能手机用户和一个阅读杂志的人忽略了受访者的对话倡议。在每种情况下都测量了烦恼程度，并收集了受访者为什么对场景进行这种评价的书面说明。使用的其他措施包括低头症通用量表、被低头症通用量表和特罗姆瑟社交智力量表。结果表明，两个样本中的参与者都对被看手机而不是被杂志忽视感到更烦恼。线性回归分析表明，即使在调整了混杂因素后，低头症仍与较低的社交智力有关。低头症的烦恼程度可以用对智能手机的负面态度来解释，人们认为智能手机被用于无用的事情，而杂志则更受赞赏，被视为更有修养。讨论了旁观者对智能手机用户活动的认识能力的作用。
