Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon.
Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
BMC Psychol. 2021 May 22;9(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00594-7.
The rapid increasing rate of mobile and internet users in Lebanon, predisposes us to a high dependency on smartphones, leading to more phubbing. Phubbing has been found associated with many psychological factors. Thus, the main objectives of this study was (1) to evaluate the association between phubbing and temperaments, and (2) assess the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence in the association between phubbing and temperaments among a sample of Lebanese adults.
A cross-sectional study, carried out between August and September 2020, enrolled 461 participants aged between 18 and 29 years old. Participants were recruited from all districts/governorates of Lebanon (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North Lebanon, South Lebanon, and Bekaa) using the snowball technique. The Generic Scale of Phubbing, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test and TEMPS-M were used to assess phubbing, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and temperaments respectively.
Our results showed that higher depressive temperament (B = 1.21) was significantly associated with more phubbing, whereas higher self-esteem (B = - 0.32) was significantly associated with less phubbing. Regarding the mediating effect, self-esteem partially mediated the association between depressive temperament and phubbing (21.02%), whereas emotional intelligence had no mediating effect on the association between temperaments and phubbing.
A strong correlation between phubbing and temperaments has been found in our study with a partial mediating effect of self-esteem in this association. Our findings might be a first step for raising awareness to develop the etiquette of using smartphones by providing media education to families, and good media usage habits.
黎巴嫩移动互联网用户数量的快速增长，使我们高度依赖智能手机，从而导致更多的“低头症”。“低头症”与许多心理因素有关。因此，本研究的主要目的是：（1）评估“低头症”与气质之间的关联；（2）评估在黎巴嫩成年人样本中，自尊和情绪智力在“低头症”与气质之间的关联中的中介作用。
这是一项横断面研究，于 2020 年 8 月至 9 月进行，共纳入 461 名年龄在 18 至 29 岁之间的参与者。参与者通过滚雪球技术从黎巴嫩所有地区/省份（贝鲁特、黎巴嫩山、北黎巴嫩、南黎巴嫩和贝卡）招募。使用“低头症通用量表”、罗森伯格自尊量表、舒特自我报告情绪智力测试和 TEMPS-M 分别评估“低头症”、自尊、情绪智力和气质。
我们的结果表明，较高的抑郁气质（B=1.21）与更多的“低头症”显著相关，而较高的自尊（B=-0.32）与较少的“低头症”显著相关。关于中介效应，自尊部分中介了抑郁气质与“低头症”之间的关联（21.02%），而情绪智力对气质与“低头症”之间的关联没有中介作用。
在我们的研究中，发现“低头症”与气质之间存在很强的相关性，自尊在这种相关性中存在部分中介作用。我们的研究结果可能是提高认识的第一步，通过向家庭提供媒体教育，培养使用智能手机的礼仪，以及养成良好的媒体使用习惯。
