Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Xinjiang's Historical and Cultural Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
College of Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 3;18(19):10414. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910414.
Tourism is crucial for promoting industrial development and is an important driver of China's new type of urbanization. A tourism urbanization index system was constructed in three dimensions: the tourism industry, urbanization, and the ecological environment. The spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of tourism urbanization in 35 major tourist cities in China from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed using the state space method, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results show the following. (1) Over time, the tourism industry index displays an upward trend, the urbanization index exhibits a more obvious upward trend, and the ecological environment index fluctuates strongly. Under the influence of all three factors, the tourism urbanization index shows a fluctuating rising trend. (2) Regarding the spatial distribution pattern, the development center of tourism urbanization shifts to the southeast, and the distribution direction is northeast-southwest. There is a significant agglomeration in global spatial autocorrelation. The local spatial correlation pattern is dominated by correlation characteristics and supplemented by different characteristics. (3) In terms of influencing factors, policy and regional development strategy, tourism resource endowment, economic development level, and traffic conditions are listed in descending order of influencing degree. Finally, we put forward some suggestions.
旅游业对促进产业发展至关重要，是中国新型城镇化的重要动力。构建了由旅游业、城镇化和生态环境三个维度构成的旅游城镇化指标体系。采用状态空间模型、标准差椭圆和空间自相关分析方法，分析了 2009-2018 年中国 35 个主要旅游城市的旅游城镇化时空分异特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）时间上，旅游业指数呈上升趋势，城镇化指数表现出更为明显的上升趋势，生态环境指数波动较强，在三者共同作用下，旅游城镇化指数呈波动上升趋势；（2）空间分布格局上，旅游城镇化发展中心向东南转移，分布方向为东北-西南，全局空间自相关存在显著集聚，局部空间关联格局以关联特征为主，异质特征为辅；（3）影响因素方面，政策及区域发展战略、旅游资源禀赋、经济发展水平和交通条件的影响程度依次递减。最后提出相关建议。
