Department of Electronics Engineering, INHA University, Inhceon 22201, Korea.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Oct 3;21(19):6605. doi: 10.3390/s21196605.
In long distance sensor nodes, propagation delay is the most crucial factor for the successful transmission of data packets in underwater acoustic sensors networks (UWAs). Therefore, to cope with the problem of propagation delay, we propose examining and selecting the best relay node (EBRN) technique based on checking the eligibility and compatibility of RN and selecting the best RN for UWAs. In the EBRN technique, the source node (S) creates a list of the best RNs, based on the minimum propagation delay to the midpoint of a direct link between S and the destination node (D). After that, the S attaches the list of selected RNs and transmit to the D along with data packets. Finally, from the list of selected RNs, the process of retransmission is performed. To avoid collision among control packets, we use a backoff timer that is calculated from the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), propagation delay and transmission time, whereas the collision among data packets is avoided by involving single RN in a particular time. The performance of the proposed EBRN technique is analyzed and evaluated based on throughput, packet loss rate (LR), packet delivery ratio (PDR), energy efficiency, and latency. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed EBRN technique. Compared with the existing schemes such as underwater cooperative medium access control (UCMAC) and shortest path first (SPF), the proposed EBRN technique performs remarkably well by increasing the throughput, PDR, and energy efficiency while decreasing the latency and LR in UWAs.
在长距离传感器节点中，传播延迟是水下声传感器网络 (UWAs) 中数据包成功传输的最关键因素。因此，为了解决传播延迟问题，我们提出了一种基于检查 RN 的资格和兼容性并选择 UWAs 中最佳 RN 的最佳中继节点 (EBRN) 技术。在 EBRN 技术中，源节点 (S) 根据到 S 和目的节点 (D) 之间直接链路中点的最小传播延迟创建最佳 RN 列表。之后，S 将所选 RN 的列表附加到数据包并传输到 D。最后，从所选 RN 列表中进行重传过程。为了避免控制数据包之间的冲突，我们使用根据接收信号强度指示器 (RSSI)、传播延迟和传输时间计算的后退定时器，而通过在特定时间内涉及单个 RN 来避免数据数据包之间的冲突。根据吞吐量、分组丢失率 (LR)、分组投递率 (PDR)、能量效率和延迟来分析和评估所提出的 EBRN 技术的性能。仿真结果验证了所提出的 EBRN 技术的有效性。与现有的方案，如水下协作介质访问控制 (UCMAC) 和最短路径优先 (SPF) 相比，所提出的 EBRN 技术在 UWAs 中通过增加吞吐量、PDR 和能量效率，同时降低延迟和 LR，表现出色。
