Glaskova-Kuzmina Tatjana, Starkova Olesja, Gaidukovs Sergejs, Platnieks Oskars, Gaidukova Gerda
Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Sep 30;13(19):3375. doi: 10.3390/polym13193375.
Biodegradable polymers (BP) are often regarded as the materials of the future, which address the rising environmental concerns. The advancement of biorefineries and sustainable technologies has yielded various BP with excellent properties comparable to commodity plastics. Water resistance, high dimensional stability, processability and excellent physicochemical properties limit the reviewed materials to biodegradable polyesters and modified compositions of starch and cellulose, both known for their abundance and relatively low price. The addition of different nanofillers and preparation of polymer nanocomposites can effectively improve BP with controlled functional properties and change the rate of degradation. The lack of data on the durability of biodegradable polymer nanocomposites (BPN) has been the motivation for the current review that summarizes recent literature data on environmental ageing of BPN and the role of nanofillers, their basic engineering properties and potential applications. Various durability tests discussed thermal ageing, photo-oxidative ageing, water absorption, hygrothermal ageing and creep testing. It was discussed that incorporating nanofillers into BP could attenuate the loss of mechanical properties and improve durability. Although, in the case of poor dispersion, the addition of the nanofillers can lead to even faster degradation, depending on the structural integrity and the state of interfacial adhesion. Selected models that describe the durability performance of BPN were considered in the review. These can be applied as a practical tool to design BPN with tailored property degradationand durability.
可生物降解聚合物（BP）通常被视为未来的材料，它解决了日益严重的环境问题。生物精炼厂和可持续技术的进步已产生了各种性能优异、可与通用塑料媲美的BP。耐水性、高尺寸稳定性、可加工性以及优异的物理化学性能，使得本文所综述的材料局限于可生物降解聚酯以及淀粉和纤维素的改性组合物，这两者都因其丰富性和相对较低的价格而闻名。添加不同的纳米填料以及制备聚合物纳米复合材料可以有效地改善BP的功能特性并改变降解速率。缺乏关于可生物降解聚合物纳米复合材料（BPN）耐久性的数据，这促使了本综述的撰写，该综述总结了关于BPN环境老化、纳米填料的作用、其基本工程性能和潜在应用的最新文献数据。各种耐久性测试讨论了热老化、光氧化老化、吸水性、湿热老化和蠕变测试。讨论了将纳米填料掺入BP中可以减轻机械性能的损失并提高耐久性。然而，在分散性较差的情况下，纳米填料的添加可能会导致更快的降解，这取决于结构完整性和界面粘附状态。本综述考虑了描述BPN耐久性性能的选定模型。这些模型可作为设计具有定制性能降解和耐久性的BPN的实用工具。
