State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning 530004, China.
Molecules. 2021 Sep 24;26(19):5801. doi: 10.3390/molecules26195801.
The genus contains a vast range of antioxidant metabolites, dietary metabolites, and antioxidant polyphenols that protect plants from unfavorable environmental conditions, enhance their tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and possess multiple health-promoting effects in humans. This review summarizes various antioxidant metabolites such as organic acids, amino acids, alkaloids, fatty acids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, terpenoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that are distributed in different citrus species. Among these antioxidant metabolites, flavonoids are abundantly present in primitive, wild, and cultivated citrus species and possess the highest antioxidant activity. We demonstrate that the primitive and wild citrus species (e.g., and ) have a high level of antioxidant metabolites and are tolerant to various abiotic and biotic stresses compared with cultivated citrus species (e.g., and ). Additionally, we highlight the potential usage of citrus wastes (rag, seeds, fruit peels, etc.) and the health-promoting properties of citrus metabolites. Furthermore, we summarize the genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of antioxidant metabolites in different citrus species. We speculate that the genome-engineering technologies should be used to confirm the functions of candidate genes that are responsible for the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites, which will serve as an alternative tool to breed citrus cultivars with increased antioxidant metabolites.
属包含了大量的抗氧化代谢物、膳食代谢物和抗氧化多酚，这些物质可以保护植物免受不利环境条件的影响，增强其对非生物和生物胁迫的耐受性，并在人类中具有多种促进健康的作用。本综述总结了分布在不同柑橘属植物中的各种抗氧化代谢物，如有机酸、氨基酸、生物碱、脂肪酸、类胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸、生育酚、萜类、羟基肉桂酸、类黄酮和花青素。在这些抗氧化代谢物中，类黄酮在原始、野生和栽培柑橘属植物中含量丰富，具有最高的抗氧化活性。我们证明，与栽培柑橘属植物（如甜橙和温州蜜柑）相比，原始和野生柑橘属植物（如宽皮柑橘和金柑）具有更高水平的抗氧化代谢物，并且对各种非生物和生物胁迫具有更强的耐受性。此外，我们强调了柑橘废弃物（果皮、种子、果肉等）的潜在用途和柑橘代谢物的促进健康的特性。此外，我们总结了不同柑橘属植物中参与抗氧化代谢物生物合成的基因。我们推测，应该利用基因组工程技术来确认负责积累抗氧化代谢物的候选基因的功能，这将成为培育富含抗氧化代谢物的柑橘品种的一种替代工具。
