National Research Council - Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Section of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
National Research Council - Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, U.O.S. Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(11):15983-15998. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16673-6. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
Phytoremediation represents a natural method to remove contaminants from soil. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential of phosphate-assisted phytoremediation by two energy crops, Cannabis sativa L. and Brassica juncea L., for the sustainable remediation of heavily arsenic-contaminated industrial soil. The two species were investigated for uptake, translocation, and physiological effects of arsenic and phosphate in a microcosm test. Although C. sativa and B. juncea were symptomless when grown in arsenic-contaminated soil, an important reduction of biomass (50 and 25%, respectively) was observed as a stress marker. Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects promoted by contaminated soils were investigated in both the species and a model plant for ecotoxicity studies, Vicia faba L., which is the most developed model to test genotoxicity effects in terms of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei presence. The higher amount of arsenic was found in C. sativa and B. juncea roots (on average 1473 and 778 mg kg, respectively), but both species were able to uptake and translocate arsenic in leaves and stems, up to 47.0 and 189 mg kg, respectively. Phosphate treatment had no effect on arsenic uptake in none of the crop, but significantly improved the plant performance. Biomass production resulted similar to that of B. juncea control plants. Antioxidant enzymatic activities and photosynthetic performance responded differently in the two crops. The present investigation provides new insight for a proficient selection of the most suitable crop species for sustainable phytomanagement of a highly polluted As-contaminated site by coupled phytoremediation-bioenergy approach.
植物修复是一种从土壤中去除污染物的自然方法。本研究的目的是研究两种能源作物大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）和芥菜（Brassica juncea L.）在磷酸盐辅助植物修复中的潜力，用于可持续修复高度砷污染的工业土壤。在微宇宙试验中，研究了两种植物对砷和磷酸盐的吸收、转运和生理效应。尽管大麻和芥菜在砷污染土壤中生长时没有症状，但观察到生物量的重要减少（分别为 50%和 25%），作为应激标志物。在两种植物和一种生态毒性研究的模式植物蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）中研究了受污染土壤引起的植物毒性和细胞毒性效应，蚕豆是测试染色体畸变和微核存在等遗传毒性效应的最发达模型。在大麻和芥菜的根部发现了更高量的砷（平均分别为 1473 和 778mgkg），但两种植物都能够在叶片和茎中吸收和转运砷，分别高达 47.0 和 189mgkg。磷酸盐处理对作物中砷的吸收没有影响，但显著提高了植物的性能。生物量生产与芥菜对照植物相似。抗氧化酶活性和光合作用性能在两种作物中的反应不同。本研究为通过耦合植物修复-生物能源方法对高度污染的砷污染场地进行高效植物管理提供了新的见解，为选择最适合的作物物种提供了依据。
