Atlee Barbara A, Stannard Anthony A, Fowler Murray E, Willemse Ton, Ihrke Peter J, Olivry Thierry
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CM Urecht, the Netherlands.
Vet Dermatol. 1997 Sep;8(3):165-176. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3164.1997.d01-13.x.
Skin biopsy specimens of normal llama skin were examined histologically. Adnexal structures similar to those of most other domestic mammals included epitrichial sweat glands, sebaceous glands and arrector pili muscles. Unique features of normal llama skin included a very thick dermis with marked differences between superficial and deep dermis, prominent cutaneous vascular plexuses, unidentified cells with eosinophilic granules within the adventitia of the vascular plexuses, both simple and compound hair follicles, 'metatarsal glands', 'interdigital glands', footpad glands and the absence of eyelid tarsal glands.
对正常羊驼皮肤的活检标本进行了组织学检查。与大多数其他家养哺乳动物相似的附属结构包括上皮性汗腺、皮脂腺和立毛肌。正常羊驼皮肤的独特特征包括真皮非常厚，浅真皮和深真皮之间存在明显差异，显著的皮肤血管丛，血管丛外膜内有嗜酸性颗粒的未识别细胞，单毛囊和复毛囊，“跖腺”、“指间腺”、脚垫腺以及没有眼睑睑板腺。
