Wasielewski Jaroslaw, Rydzewska Klara, Sedek Grzegorz
Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Cognitive Studies (ICACS), Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2021 Sep 27;12:645751. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645751. eCollection 2021.
Previous research provided consistent evidence for the existence of the unique cognitive limitation in depressed mood: the impairment of the construction of mental models. In the current research, we applied the classical paradigm using categorical syllogisms to examine the relationship between depressed mood and integrative reasoning, aiming at gathering research evidence on the moderating role of the operation span of working memory. Specifically, we examine the hypothesis that high working memory capacity is a buffering variable and acts as a protective factor preventing the negative impact of depressed mood on syllogistic reasoning. A categorical syllogism, in the simpler evaluative form, consists of two premises (that are assumed to be true) and a conclusion that is to be evaluated as valid (when it follows logically from the premises) or invalid (when it does not follow from the premises). In the cover story, we informed participants that they would read about some observations carried out in a normal garden (believable conclusions) versus in a garden with radical genetic transformations (unbelievable conclusions) in order to stimulate the emergence of belief bias. The participants were 115 high school students who filled out the BDI scale and completed the OSPAN task. In line with predictions, there were main effects of depressed mood and operation span on the accuracy of performance (worse performance in the group with a high in comparison to a low level of depressed mood and much worse performance in low compared to high OSPAN participants). The analyses yielded a strong interaction effect of Depressed mood × OSPAN × Conflict. For participants with high levels of working memory capacity, there were no limitations related to a high level of depressed mood in syllogistic reasoning. On the other hand, a different pattern emerged for participants with low working memory span. In this group, participants with a high level of depressed mood in comparison to those with a low level of depressed mood showed much higher limitations in syllogistic reasoning, especially in reasoning concerning conflict syllogisms. We discuss the implications of this research for recent therapeutic programs using computerized cognitive tasks aimed at individuals with a high level of depressed mood.
心理模型构建的受损。在当前的研究中，我们运用使用范畴三段论的经典范式来检验抑郁情绪与综合推理之间的关系，旨在收集关于工作记忆操作广度调节作用的研究证据。具体而言，我们检验了这样一个假设，即高工作记忆容量是一个缓冲变量，作为一种保护因素防止抑郁情绪对三段论推理产生负面影响。一个范畴三段论，以更简单的评估形式，由两个前提（假定为真）和一个结论组成，该结论要被评估为有效（当它从前提逻辑推导得出时）或无效（当它不是从前提推导得出时）。在封面故事中，我们告知参与者他们将阅读关于在一个正常花园（可信结论）与一个经过激进基因改造的花园（不可信结论）中进行的一些观察，以便激发信念偏差的出现。参与者是115名高中生，他们填写了贝克抑郁量表并完成了操作广度任务（OSPAN）。与预测一致，抑郁情绪和操作广度对表现准确性有主效应（与低抑郁情绪水平组相比，高抑郁情绪水平组表现更差，与高OSPAN参与者相比，低OSPAN参与者表现更差得多）。分析得出抑郁情绪×操作广度×冲突的强交互效应。对于高工作记忆容量的参与者，在三段论推理中不存在与高抑郁情绪水平相关的局限。另一方面，工作记忆广度低的参与者出现了不同的模式。在这个组中，与低抑郁情绪水平的参与者相比，高抑郁情绪水平的参与者在三段论推理中表现出更高的局限性，尤其是在涉及冲突三段论的推理中。我们讨论了这项研究对于最近针对高抑郁情绪个体使用计算机化认知任务的治疗方案的意义。
