Kosak Ferdinand, Kuhbandner Christof
Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2021 Sep 27;12:713264. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713264. eCollection 2021.
Previous research has shown that judgments of the experienced velocity of recent years passing by vary depending on the number of autobiographical memories being activated in the moment of judging. While a body of evidence shows affect to have an impact on both prospective and retrospective judgments on the experience of time for short periods, the effect of valence of memories on the experience of the passage of long intervals has not been examined yet. Thus, we asked 282 people to retrieve five either emotionally positive or negative memories from the last 5years before judging the subjectively experienced passage of time of these years. However, positive and negative events differ in some ways beyond valence, e.g., the ascribed impact on the participants' subsequent lives as well as the stability of ascribed affective intensity: The latter decreased over time for negative but not for positive memories while ascribed impact was markedly higher for positive memories. Results indicate no significant differences between the two conditions, even after controlling for the aforementioned differences. However, exploratory analyses show that participants rate time to have passed faster, the longer the activated memories dated back on average, a result that seems in line with contextual-change hypothesis.
先前的研究表明，对过去几年流逝速度的体验判断会因判断瞬间被激活的自传体记忆数量而有所不同。虽然有大量证据表明情感会对短期内时间体验的前瞻性和回顾性判断产生影响，但记忆效价对长时间段流逝体验的影响尚未得到研究。因此，我们让282人从过去5年中提取5个情感上积极或消极的记忆，然后判断这些年主观体验到的时间流逝情况。然而，积极和消极事件在效价之外的某些方面存在差异，例如，对参与者后续生活的假定影响以及假定情感强度的稳定性：消极记忆的情感强度会随时间下降，而积极记忆则不会，同时积极记忆的假定影响明显更高。结果表明，即使在控制了上述差异之后，两种情况之间也没有显著差异。然而，探索性分析表明，参与者认为激活的记忆平均回溯时间越长，时间过得越快，这一结果似乎与情境变化假设相符。
