Li Xuan, Li Yongfu, Sylvester Steven Paul, Zang Mingyue, El-Kassaby Yousry A, Fang Yanming
Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation College of Biology and the Environment Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China.
Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Aug 30;11(19):13401-13414. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8063. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Molecular evolution, including nucleotide substitutions, plays an important role in understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of species evolution. Here, we sequenced whole plastid genomes (plastomes) of , , , and and compared them with 14 other plastomes to explore their evolutionary relationships using 67 shared protein-coding sequences. While many previously identified evolutionary relationships were found, our findings do not support previous research which retrieve subg. sect. as a monophyletic group, with sect. found to be polyphyletic and composed of three strongly supported lineages inserted between sections and . Compared with gymnosperms, plastomes showed higher evolutionary rates (/ = 0.3793). Most protein-coding genes experienced relaxed purifying selection, and the high value (0.1927) indicated that gene functions adjusted to environmental changes effectively. Our findings suggest that gene interval regions play an important role in evolution. We detected greater variation in the intergenic regions (, , , , and ), intron losses ( and ), and pseudogene loss and degradation (). Additionally, the loss of some genes suggested the existence of gene exchanges between plastid and nuclear genomes, which affects the evolutionary rate of the former. However, the connective mechanism between these two genomes is still unclear.
分子进化，包括核苷酸替换，在理解物种进化的动态过程和机制中起着重要作用。在此，我们对[物种名称1]、[物种名称2]、[物种名称3]和[物种名称4]的整个质体基因组（质体基因组）进行了测序，并将它们与其他14个[物种名称]的质体基因组进行比较，以利用67个共享的蛋白质编码序列探索它们的进化关系。虽然发现了许多先前确定的进化关系，但我们的研究结果不支持先前的研究，即检索到[分类单元名称]亚组[分类单元名称]作为一个单系类群，发现[分类单元名称]是多系的，由插入在[分类单元名称1]和[分类单元名称2]之间的三个得到有力支持的谱系组成。与裸子植物相比，[物种名称]质体基因组显示出更高的进化速率（/ = 0.3793）。大多数蛋白质编码基因经历了宽松的纯化选择，并且高[具体数值]值（0.1927）表明基因功能有效地适应了环境变化。我们的研究结果表明基因间隔区域在[物种名称]进化中起重要作用。我们在基因间区域（[基因间区域名称1]、[基因间区域名称2]、[基因间区域名称3]、[基因间区域名称4]和[基因间区域名称5]）、内含子丢失（[内含子名称1]和[内含子名称2]）以及假基因丢失和降解（[假基因名称]）中检测到更大的变异。此外，一些基因的丢失表明质体和核基因组之间存在基因交换，这影响了前者的进化速率。然而，这两个基因组之间的连接机制仍不清楚。
