Ten Plastomes of (Crassulaceae) and Phylogenetic Implications.

The genus is the second-largest genus in the family Crassulaceae, with about 200 species. As an acknowledged super-barcode, plastomes have been extensively utilized for plant evolutionary studies. Here, we first report 10 new plastomes of . We further focused on the structural characterizations, codon usage, aversion patterns, and evolutionary rates of plastomes. The IR junction patterns-IRb had 110 bp expansion to -were conservative among species. Interestingly, we found the codon usage patterns of gene in species are unique among Crassulaceae species with elevated ENC values. Furthermore, subgenus species have specific GC-biases in the gene. In addition, the codon aversion motifs from , , and contained phylogenetic implications within . The evolutionary rates analyses indicated all plastid genes of Crassulaceae were under the purifying selection. Among plastid genes, and were the most rapidly evolving genes, whereas was the most conserved gene. Additionally, our phylogenetic analyses strongly supported that is sister to all other Crassulaceae species. Our findings will be useful for further evolutionary studies within the and Crassulaceae.