Starrett Gabriel J, Tisza Michael J, Welch Nicole L, Belford Anna K, Peretti Alberto, Pastrana Diana V, Buck Christopher B
Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Virus Evol. 2021 Oct 1;7(1):veaa055. doi: 10.1093/ve/veaa055. eCollection 2021 Jan.
Polintons (also known as Mavericks) were initially identified as a widespread class of eukaryotic transposons named for their hallmark type B DNA ymerase and retrovirus-like egrase genes. It has since been recognized that many polintons encode possible capsid proteins and viral genome-packaging ATPases similar to those of a diverse range of double-stranded DNA viruses. This supports the inference that at least some polintons are actually viruses capable of cell-to-cell spread. At present, there are no polinton-associated capsid protein genes annotated in public sequence databases. To rectify this deficiency, we used a data-mining approach to investigate the distribution and gene content of polinton-like elements and related DNA viruses in animal genomic and metagenomic sequence datasets. The results define a discrete family-like clade of viruses with two genus-level divisions. We propose the family name , connoting similarities to enovirus virion proteins and the presence of a retrovirus-like egrase gene. Although adintovirus-class PolB sequences were detected in datasets for fungi and various unicellular eukaryotes, sequences resembling adintovirus virion proteins and accessory genes appear to be restricted to animals. Degraded adintovirus sequences are endogenized into the germlines of a wide range of animals, including humans.
多聚病毒(也称为小牛病毒)最初被鉴定为一类广泛存在的真核转座子,因其标志性的B型DNA聚合酶和逆转录病毒样解旋酶基因而得名。此后人们认识到,许多多聚病毒编码可能的衣壳蛋白和病毒基因组包装ATP酶,类似于多种双链DNA病毒的相关蛋白。这支持了至少一些多聚病毒实际上是能够在细胞间传播的病毒这一推断。目前,公共序列数据库中没有注释与多聚病毒相关的衣壳蛋白基因。为了纠正这一缺陷,我们采用数据挖掘方法,研究了动物基因组和宏基因组序列数据集中类多聚病毒元件及相关DNA病毒的分布和基因组成。结果确定了一个离散的病毒家族样进化枝,有两个属级分类。我们提议将这个家族命名为“Adintoviridae”,这意味着它与肠道病毒的病毒体蛋白有相似之处,并且存在逆转录病毒样解旋酶基因。虽然在真菌和各种单细胞真核生物的数据集中检测到了腺病毒类的PolB序列,但类似腺病毒病毒体蛋白和辅助基因的序列似乎仅限于动物。降解的腺病毒序列被内源性整合到包括人类在内的多种动物的种系中。