Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Marine Biology, 53100 Rize, Turkey.
Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Marine Biology, 53100 Rize, Turkey.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 4):150921. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150921. Epub 2021 Oct 16.
Ingestion and egestion of microplastics by copepods in the Black Sea was assessed for the first time. Composition and concentration of microplastics in the water column was also evaluated. Samples were collected from three stations (river mouth, coastal and open water) in the Southeastern Black Sea over the course of one year. Microplastic concentration in the water column ranged between 0.12 and 7.62 mp·m (mean 2.04 ± 1.05 mp·m) with significantly higher concentrations in the river mouth. The most common types of microplastics were fibres, followed by films and fragments. A total of 11 colours of microplastics were found, being blue the most common colour. Analysis of 1126 C. euxinus and 1065 A. clausi, resulted in 26 and 9 microplastics being detected, respectively. This resulted in a microplastic ingestion of 0.024 ± 0.020 mp. Calanus and 0.008 ± 0.006 mp. Acartia. Analysis of 351 faecal pellets, resulted 4 microplastics being found. The average size of ingested microplastics was greater in C. euxinus (0.100 mm ± 0.153 mm) than in A. clausi (0.062 mm ± 0.056 mm). Size of ingested microplastics was in the size range of natural preys of these copepods. Fragments were the most common type of ingested microplastics, followed by films and fibres. The colour of ingested particles was black, blue and red. Our results show that the copepods and the pelagic environment of the Black Sea are contaminated by microplastics. Critical functions of zooplankton in this degraded ecosystem are under risk and zooplankton are likely to act as a vector for the transfer of microplastics and associated toxic chemicals to upper trophic levels including humans in the Black Sea.
首次评估了黑海桡足类对微塑料的摄入和排泄情况。还评估了水柱中微塑料的组成和浓度。在一年的时间里，从黑海东南部的三个站位（河口、沿海和开阔水域）采集了样本。水柱中微塑料的浓度范围在 0.12 至 7.62mp·m 之间（平均值为 2.04 ± 1.05mp·m），河口处的浓度明显更高。最常见的微塑料类型是纤维，其次是薄膜和碎片。共发现 11 种颜色的微塑料，蓝色最常见。对 1126 只 C. euxinus 和 1065 只 A. clausi 的分析结果显示，分别检测到 26 种和 9 种微塑料。这导致桡足类动物摄入的微塑料量为 0.024 ± 0.020mp·C. euxinus 和 0.008 ± 0.006mp·A. clausi。对 351 个粪便球的分析结果显示，发现了 4 个微塑料。C. euxinus 摄入的微塑料平均尺寸（0.100mm ± 0.153mm）大于 A. clausi（0.062mm ± 0.056mm）。桡足类动物摄入的微塑料尺寸在这些桡足类动物的天然猎物尺寸范围内。摄入的微塑料中以碎片最为常见，其次是薄膜和纤维。摄入颗粒的颜色为黑色、蓝色和红色。我们的结果表明，桡足类动物和黑海的浮游环境受到了微塑料的污染。在这个退化的生态系统中，浮游动物的关键功能受到威胁，桡足类动物很可能成为微塑料和相关有毒化学物质向上层营养级（包括黑海的人类）转移的载体。
