Giant dural arteriovenous fistula in an infant.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are commonly encountered by the neurosurgeon. Herein, we present a case illustration of an infant presenting with an extremely large fistula that took up a significant part of the intracranial volume. A one-month-old female presented with irritability and failure to thrive. She was the product of a 35-week pregnancy and was delivered vaginally without complications or a difficult labor. Based on the findings of magnetic resonance imaging, the diagnosis of a giant dAVF involving the transerve-sigmoid sinuses was made. The patient was scheduled for an arteriogram but died before the procedure could be performed. Such a case illustrates how large some dAVF can become and at a very early age. As in the present case, the patient was minimally symptomatic. Therefore, the time to intervention after diagnosis is thus, sometimes, critical.