Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
Clin Anat. 2022 Jan;35(1):103-115. doi: 10.1002/ca.23802. Epub 2021 Oct 26.
Surface anatomy is fundamental to clinical and surgical practices. As the surface anatomy varies with age, the purpose of this study is to provide age-standardized surface markings for the abdomen in children. A total of 155 abdominal computed tomography scans of healthy children aged 0-18 years were categorized into six groups, and the surface anatomy of the major vascular structures, solid viscera, and anatomical planes in the abdomen was analyzed. The vertebral levels of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and hepatic portal vein formation were higher in the youngest age group, whereas the levels of the inferior mesenteric artery, formation of the inferior vena cava, and renal arteries did not differ with age. The right kidney lay between T12 and L3 and the left at T11-L3; however, both kidneys were in lower positions in younger children. The spleen was most commonly located between the 8th and 11th ribs except in toddlers. In all age groups, the hepatic portal vein formation was within the transpyloric plane and the aortic bifurcation was above the supracristal plane. In vivo reassessment of the surface anatomy enables the substantial variability of surface landmarks to be highlighted. This study demonstrates that taking account of age-related variations will increase the accuracy and therefore the clinical relevance of surface anatomy.
体表解剖学是临床和外科实践的基础。由于体表解剖随年龄而变化，本研究旨在为儿童腹部提供年龄标准化的体表标志。对 155 例 0-18 岁健康儿童的腹部计算机断层扫描进行分类，分为 6 组，分析腹部主要血管结构、实质性脏器和解剖平面的体表解剖。腹主动脉干、肠系膜上动脉和肝门静脉形成的椎体水平在年龄最小的组中较高，而肠系膜下动脉、下腔静脉形成和肾动脉的水平与年龄无关。右肾位于 T12 至 L3 之间，左肾位于 T11 至 L3 之间；然而，在年幼的儿童中，两个肾脏的位置都较低。脾最常见于第 8 至 11 肋之间，但除了幼儿外。在所有年龄组中，肝门静脉形成都在幽门平面内，主动脉分叉位于冠状平面以上。体表解剖的活体再评估能够突出体表标志的显著可变性。本研究表明，考虑到与年龄相关的变化将提高体表解剖的准确性，从而提高其临床相关性。
