Li Yuan-Bin, Li Peng, Wang Shu-Hua, Xu Lu-Yao, Deng Jian-Jun, Jiao Jia-Guo
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Sep;32(9):3231-3239. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202109.024.
To clarify the effects of organic fertilizer application on crop yield and soil properties in rice-wheat rotation system in China, we carried out a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer types (ordinary organic fertilizer, biochar, and straw), fertilization regimes (organic fertilizer alone, organic fertilizer + partial chemical fertilizer, and organic fertilizer + full amount of chemical fertilizer), and experiment duration (short term, medium term, and long term) on soil properties and the yield of rice and wheat, as well as their responses to soil conditions (acid, neutral, basic). Results showed that the application of organic fertilizer had similar yield-increase effect on rice yield (3.1%) and wheat yield (3.0%) compared to chemical fertilizer application alone. The effect of organic fertilizer application on soil quality was more obvious, significantly reducing soil bulk density by 5.7%, and increasing the concentrations of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen by 11.7%-38.4%. Among different types of organic fertilizer, the effects of ordinary organic fertilizer and biochar on soil properties improvement were better than straw. Compared to the organic fertilizer application alone, the effects of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on crop yield was better, but poorer on soil property improvement. With the increasing duration of organic fertilizer application, crop yield and soil fertility gradually increased. Under the condition of acid soil, the effect of organic fertilizer application on crop yield was the best. The annual yield of rice and wheat showed significant negative correlation with soil bulk density, but a significant positive correlation with the concentrations of soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and microbial biomass nitrogen.
为阐明在中国稻麦轮作系统中施用有机肥对作物产量和土壤性质的影响，我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以定量评估有机肥类型（普通有机肥、生物炭和秸秆）、施肥方式（单施有机肥、有机肥+部分化肥、有机肥+全量化肥）以及试验持续时间（短期、中期和长期）对土壤性质、水稻和小麦产量的影响，以及它们对土壤条件（酸性、中性、碱性）的响应。结果表明，与单施化肥相比，施用有机肥对水稻产量（3.1%）和小麦产量（3.0%）具有相似的增产效果。施用有机肥对土壤质量的影响更为明显，显著降低土壤容重5.7%，并使土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、微生物量碳和微生物量氮的浓度增加11.7%-38.4%。在不同类型的有机肥中，普通有机肥和生物炭对土壤性质改善的效果优于秸秆。与单施有机肥相比，有机肥与化肥配施对作物产量的效果更好，但对土壤性质改善的效果较差。随着有机肥施用时间的延长，作物产量和土壤肥力逐渐增加。在酸性土壤条件下，施用有机肥对作物产量的效果最佳。水稻和小麦的年产量与土壤容重呈显著负相关，但与土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾和微生物量氮的浓度呈显著正相关。
