Tumour Oxygenase Group, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Dec;78(23):7219-7235. doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03961-0. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
GTPases are a large superfamily of evolutionarily conserved proteins involved in a variety of fundamental cellular processes. The developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein (DRG) subfamily of GTPases consists of two highly conserved paralogs, DRG1 and DRG2, both of which have been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, translation and microtubules. Furthermore, DRG1 and 2 proteins both have a conserved binding partner, DRG family regulatory protein 1 and 2 (DFRP1 and DFRP2), respectively, that prevents them from being degraded. Similar to DRGs, the DFRP proteins have also been studied in the context of cell growth control and translation. Despite these proteins having been implicated in several fundamental cellular processes they remain relatively poorly characterized, however. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural biology and biochemistry of DRG GTPases and discuss current understanding of DRGs and DFRPs in normal physiology, as well as their emerging roles in diseases such as cancer.
GTPases 是一个庞大的进化上保守的蛋白质超家族，参与多种基本的细胞过程。GTP 结合蛋白（DRG）家族的发育调节亚家族由两个高度保守的同源物组成，DRG1 和 DRG2，它们都被牵连到细胞增殖、翻译和微管的调节中。此外，DRG1 和 2 蛋白都有一个保守的结合伙伴，分别是 DRG 家族调节蛋白 1 和 2（DFRP1 和 DFRP2），分别防止它们被降解。类似于 DRGs，DFRP 蛋白也在细胞生长控制和翻译的背景下进行了研究。尽管这些蛋白质已经被牵连到几个基本的细胞过程中，但它们的特征仍然相对较差。在这篇综述中，我们提供了 DRG GTPases 的结构生物学和生物化学概述，并讨论了目前对 DRGs 和 DFRPs 在正常生理中的理解，以及它们在癌症等疾病中的新兴作用。
