Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Institute of National Analytical Research and Service, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmandi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(12):17499-17512. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17074-5. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
Substantial quantity of fish has been imported to Bangladesh without adequate food safety assessment which can pose a serious health risk to local people. This study analyzed the trace metals and organochlorine pesticides residues and the associated human health risk in 33 imported fishes (9 species) from four countries (India, Myanmar, Oman, and United Arab Emirates) collected from three different ports (Benapole, Bhomra, and Chittagong) of Bangladesh with invoice lists from the port authorities. Trace metal concentrations were determined using graphite furnace absorption spectrometry and flame absorption spectrometry. The two organochlorine pesticides (Aldrin and Chlordane) residues were determined by GC-MS and found as below detection level (BDL). The trace metal concentrations (mg/kg-ww) in imported fish samples ranged as As 0.008 to 0.558, Pb 0.004 to 0.070, Cr 0.010 to 0.109, Cd 0.00 to 0.083, Ni 0.011 to 0.059, Co BDL to 0.067, Mn BDL to 0.0780, Fe 1.780 to 10.77, Cu 0.055 to 0.632, and Zn 0.898 to 9.245. Concentrations of As and Cd were higher than the food safety guideline. Considering the source country of imported fishes, fish samples from Oman were mostly contaminated by the trace metals. The estimated daily intake (EDI) was higher for Cr. However, the target hazard quotient (THQ) for individual metal and total THQ for combined metals were lower than 1, indicating no apparent non-carcinogenic health risk for consumers. The cancer risk (CR) was within the acceptable range. But extensive monitoring of these toxic chemicals is needed prior to import these fishes to the country. Given the self-sufficiency in fish production, this study also argues whether Bangladesh needs to import the fishes at all.
大量鱼类未经充分的食品安全评估便进口到孟加拉国，这可能会给当地民众带来严重的健康风险。本研究分析了从印度、缅甸、阿曼和阿拉伯联合酋长国四个国家进口的 33 种鱼类（9 个品种）的痕量金属和有机氯农药残留情况及其对当地居民的健康风险。这些鱼类从孟加拉国的三个不同港口（贝纳波尔、博姆拉和吉大港）进口，样本由港口当局的发票清单收集。痕量金属浓度采用石墨炉吸收光谱法和火焰吸收光谱法测定。两种有机氯农药（艾氏剂和氯丹）残留采用 GC-MS 法测定，结果低于检测限。进口鱼类样本中的痕量金属浓度（mg/kg-ww）范围为砷 0.008 至 0.558、铅 0.004 至 0.070、铬 0.010 至 0.109、镉 0.00 至 0.083、镍 0.011 至 0.059、钴低于检测限至 0.067、锰低于检测限至 0.0780、铁 1.780 至 10.77、铜 0.055 至 0.632、锌 0.898 至 9.245。砷和镉的浓度高于食品安全指导值。考虑到进口鱼类的来源国，来自阿曼的鱼类样本受痕量金属污染的情况最为严重。铬的估计日摄入量（EDI）较高。然而，对于单个金属和综合金属的目标危害系数（THQ）均低于 1，表明这些鱼类对消费者不存在明显的非致癌健康风险。癌症风险（CR）处于可接受范围内。但在这些鱼类进入该国之前，需要对这些有毒化学物质进行广泛监测。鉴于鱼类的自给自足，本研究还质疑孟加拉国是否真的需要进口这些鱼类。
