Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA.
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
Memory. 2022 Feb;30(2):77-91. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1991380. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
Research suggests that individuals with lower working memory have difficulty remembering to fulfil delayed intentions. The current study examined whether the ability to offload intentions onto the environment mitigated these deficits. Participants ( = 268) completed three versions of a delayed intention task with and without the use of reminders, along with three measures of working memory capacity. Results showed that individuals with higher working memory fulfilled more intentions when having to rely on their own memory, but this difference was eliminated when offloading was permitted. Individuals with lower working memory chose to offload more often, suggesting that they were less willing to engage in effortful maintenance of internal representations when given the option. Working memory was not associated with metacognitive confidence or optimal offloading choices based on point value. These findings suggest offloading may help circumvent capacity limitations associated with maintaining and remembering delayed intentions.
研究表明，工作记忆能力较低的个体在延迟执行意图时，往往难以记住要执行的任务。本研究考察了将意图卸载到环境中是否能减轻这些缺陷。参与者（ = 268）完成了三种带有和不带有提醒的延迟意图任务版本，以及三种工作记忆容量的测量。结果表明，在必须依赖自己的记忆时，工作记忆能力较高的个体完成的意图更多，但当允许卸载时，这种差异就消失了。工作记忆能力较低的个体更倾向于选择卸载，这表明当有选择时，他们不太愿意费力地维持内部表示。工作记忆与元认知信心或基于点数的最佳卸载选择无关。这些发现表明，卸载可能有助于规避与维持和记住延迟意图相关的能力限制。
