Ghasemzad Mahsa, Hashemian Seyed Mohammad Reza, Memarnejadian Arash, Akbarzadeh Iman, Hossein-Khannazer Nikoo, Vosough Massoud
Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology-Genetics, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2021 Sep;47(9):1353-1361. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1994989. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
High morbidity and mortality caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) the leading challenge for health experts all over the world. Currently, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19; however, thanks to worldwide intense attempts, novel vaccines such as mRNA-1273 (Moderna TX, Inc.) and BNT162b2 (Biontech/Pfizer) were developed very fast and FDA approved them for emergency use. Nanomedicine-based drug delivery can be an advanced therapeutic strategy to deal with clinical complications of COVID-19. Given the fact that SARS-CoV-2 typically affects the respiratory tract, application of inhalable nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted drug delivery to the alveolar space appears to be an effective and promising therapeutic strategy. Loading the medicinal components into NPs enhances the stability, bioavailability, solubility and sustained release of them. This approach can circumvent major challenges in efficient drug delivery such as solubility and any adverse impact of medicinal components due to off-targeted delivery and resulting systemic complications. Inhalable NPs could be delivered through nasal sprays, inhalers, and nebulizers. NPs also could interfere in virus attachment to host cells and prevent infection. Moreover, nanomedicine-based technologies can facilitate accurate and rapid detection of virus compared to the conventional methods. In this review, the nano-based theranostics modalities for the management of respiratory complications of COVID-19 were discussed.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）导致的高发病率和死亡率使2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）成为全球卫生专家面临的首要挑战。目前，尚无针对COVID-19的特效治疗方法；然而，得益于全球范围内的积极努力，新型疫苗如mRNA-1273（Moderna TX公司）和BNT162b2（BioNTech/辉瑞公司）得以快速研发，并获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于紧急使用。基于纳米医学的药物递送可能是应对COVID-19临床并发症的一种先进治疗策略。鉴于SARS-CoV-2通常会影响呼吸道，应用可吸入纳米颗粒（NPs）将药物靶向递送至肺泡腔似乎是一种有效且有前景的治疗策略。将药物成分负载到纳米颗粒中可增强其稳定性、生物利用度、溶解度和缓释性能。这种方法可以规避高效药物递送中的主要挑战，如溶解度问题以及药物成分因非靶向递送和由此导致的全身并发症所产生的任何不利影响。可吸入纳米颗粒可通过鼻喷雾剂、吸入器和雾化器进行递送。纳米颗粒还可以干扰病毒与宿主细胞的附着并预防感染。此外，与传统方法相比，基于纳米医学的技术可以促进病毒的准确快速检测。在本综述中，讨论了用于管理COVID-19呼吸道并发症的基于纳米的治疗诊断方法。
