Akinyemi Kabiru O, Ajoseh Samuel O, Fakorede Christopher O
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2021 Sep 30;15(9):1222-1235. doi: 10.3855/jidc.12186.
Salmonella infections are endemic in Nigeria. There is lack of reliable data on culture-positive Salmonella with national coverage. This systemic review of literatures was undertaken to aggregate data on culture proven cases of human Salmonellae and to determine the prevailing serotypes for disease burden estimations.
This involved comprehensive search engines of Pubmed, Google Scholar, Google and Embase for the literatures on culture positive human Salmonellae from 1999-2018. This review documented the prevalence, common Salmonella serotypes. antibiotic resistance and risk factors associated with human Salmonella infections.
This study revealed that 21out of 36 States in Nigeria reported Salmonella-associated diseases, spanning the six geopolitical zones. Our study revealed prevalence of 1.9% (2,732/143,756) Salmonella-bacteraemia and 16.3% (1,967/12,081) Salmonella-associated gastroenteritis. Fifty-three 53 Salmonella serotypes were identified. 39 serotypes were associated with Salmonella-bacteraemia and 31 serotypes with Salmonella-gastroenteritis. Salmonella typhi remains the commonest serotype accounting for 85.2% for Salmonella-bacteraemia and 73.1% Salmonella-gastroenteritis. S. typhimurium (3.8%) was mostly implicated invasive non-typhoidal serotype followed S. enteritidis (2.8%) among others. Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected individuals, malnutrition was among factors predisposing Salmonella infections. Over 60% of the reported Salmonella isolates developed resistance to two or more of 23 antibiotics recorded, mostly ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and amoxicillin.
This study revealed 39 Invasive and 31 non-invasive Salmonella serotypes. Ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanate and tetracycline are the most frequently reported antibiotics resisted by Salmonella isolates. This antimicrobial resistance exhibited poses a threat to public health. Data generated from this review would serve as a baseline information for future surveillance studies.
沙门氏菌感染在尼日利亚呈地方流行性。目前缺乏覆盖全国范围的关于培养阳性沙门氏菌的可靠数据。进行此次文献系统综述旨在汇总经培养证实的人类沙门氏菌病例的数据，并确定主要血清型以进行疾病负担估计。
这涉及通过Pubmed、谷歌学术、谷歌和Embase等综合搜索引擎搜索1999年至2018年期间关于培养阳性人类沙门氏菌的文献。该综述记录了患病率、常见沙门氏菌血清型、抗生素耐药性以及与人类沙门氏菌感染相关的风险因素。
本研究显示，尼日利亚36个州中有21个州报告了沙门氏菌相关疾病，涵盖六个地缘政治区。我们的研究显示沙门氏菌菌血症患病率为1.9%（2,732/143,756），沙门氏菌相关肠胃炎患病率为16.3%（1,967/12,081）。共鉴定出53种沙门氏菌血清型。39种血清型与沙门氏菌菌血症相关，31种血清型与沙门氏菌肠胃炎相关。伤寒沙门氏菌仍然是最常见的血清型，占沙门氏菌菌血症的85.2%和沙门氏菌肠胃炎的73.1%。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（3.8%）是最常涉及的侵袭性非伤寒血清型，其次是肠炎沙门氏菌（2.8%）等。人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者、营养不良是易引发沙门氏菌感染的因素。报告的沙门氏菌分离株中超过60%对记录的23种抗生素中的两种或更多种产生耐药性，主要是氨苄西林、复方新诺明、四环素和阿莫西林。
本研究揭示了39种侵袭性和31种非侵袭性沙门氏菌血清型。氨苄西林、复方新诺明、阿莫西林 - 克拉维酸和四环素是沙门氏菌分离株最常报告的耐药抗生素。这种抗菌药物耐药性对公共卫生构成威胁。本综述产生的数据将作为未来监测研究的基线信息。
