Anderson Melissa N, Lempke Landon B, Johnson Rachel S, Lynall Robert C, Schmidt Julianne D
UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Mary Frances Early College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Mary Frances Early College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022 Feb;103(2):323-330. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.09.013. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
To describe concussion characteristics among general college students and compare postinjury outcomes to intercollegiate student athletes.
Retrospective cohort.
Large university in the Southeast region of the United States.
A total of 179 (N=179) college students' (female=120; 67.0%; 23.9±3.9 years) and 49 athletes' (female=28, 57.1%;19.3±1.3 years) medical records were examined. Participants self-reported injury mechanism, health history information, and completed clinical assessments acutely (<7 days postinjury).
Descriptive statistics were calculated for each group. Concussion outcomes between students with and without certain health history diagnoses were assessed using separate t tests. We conducted univariate regression analyses to determine if sex, age, and time from concussion to first clinical assessment were significant predictors of clinical outcomes. Statistically significant variables were included as covariates in a series of 1-way analyses of covariance to identify differences in balance, symptom severity, total symptom presence, and neurocognitive domain performance between students and athletes. Fisher exact tests were used to compare health history information between groups (α<0.05).
Among students, 24% reported sustaining a concussion while participating in recreational sports, and 27% of impacts occurred to the back of the head. Students had higher proportions of headache, migraine, anxiety, and depression (P<.05). Students reported greater total symptom presence (P=.006) and performed worse on the computerized neurocognitive test domain score for complex attention (P=.015) relative to athletes.
These findings highlight the need for better access to medical care for non- National Collegiate Athletic Association sanctioned athletes because of a large proportion of concussions in the student sample being sustained during sports participation. Identifying common injury mechanisms can provide clinicians with powerful information to improve evaluation and treatment models.
描述普通大学生脑震荡的特征，并将受伤后的结果与大学生运动员进行比较。
回顾性队列研究。
美国东南部的一所大型大学。
共检查了179名大学生（女性120名，占67.0%；年龄23.9±3.9岁）和49名运动员（女性28名，占57.1%；年龄19.3±1.3岁）的病历。参与者自行报告受伤机制、健康史信息，并在受伤后急性期（<7天）完成临床评估。
计算每组的描述性统计数据。使用独立样本t检验评估有和没有某些健康史诊断的学生之间的脑震荡结果。我们进行了单变量回归分析，以确定性别、年龄以及从脑震荡到首次临床评估的时间是否为临床结果的显著预测因素。具有统计学意义的变量作为协变量纳入一系列单因素协方差分析，以确定学生和运动员在平衡、症状严重程度、总症状存在情况以及神经认知领域表现方面的差异。使用Fisher精确检验比较两组之间的健康史信息（α<0.05）。
在学生中，24%报告在参加娱乐性运动时遭受脑震荡，27%的撞击发生在头部后部。学生中头痛、偏头痛、焦虑和抑郁的比例更高（P<.05）。与运动员相比，学生报告的总症状存在情况更多（P=.006），并且在计算机化神经认知测试的复杂注意力领域得分更低（P=.015）。
这些发现凸显了非美国大学生体育协会认可的运动员更好地获得医疗护理的必要性，因为学生样本中有很大一部分脑震荡是在体育参与过程中发生的。识别常见的受伤机制可以为临床医生提供有力信息，以改进评估和治疗模式。
