Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2022;270:133-156. doi: 10.1007/164_2021_520.
Triglycerides are critical lipids as they provide an energy source that is both compact and efficient. Due to its hydrophobic nature triglyceride molecules can pack together densely and so be stored in adipose tissue. To be transported in the aqueous medium of plasma, triglycerides have to be incorporated into lipoprotein particles along with other components such as cholesterol, phospholipid and associated structural and regulatory apolipoproteins. Here we discuss the physiology of normal triglyceride metabolism, and how impaired metabolism induces hypertriglyceridemia and its pathogenic consequences including atherosclerosis. We also discuss established and novel therapies to reduce triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
甘油三酯是至关重要的脂质，因为它们提供了一种既紧凑又高效的能量来源。由于其疏水性，甘油三酯分子可以紧密地聚集在一起，从而储存在脂肪组织中。为了在血浆的水性介质中运输，甘油三酯必须与其他成分（如胆固醇、磷脂和相关的结构和调节载脂蛋白）一起结合到脂蛋白颗粒中。在这里，我们讨论正常甘油三酯代谢的生理学，以及代谢受损如何导致高甘油三酯血症及其包括动脉粥样硬化在内的致病后果。我们还讨论了降低富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白的现有和新疗法。
