Mayer Gerhard, Fuhrmann Max
Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
J Sleep Res. 2022 Jun;31(3):e13509. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13509. Epub 2021 Oct 21.
We present some key findings from an online survey on isolated sleep paralysis. The aim of our study was to get a differentiated picture of the correlation between the frequency of sleep paralysis and several phenomena (symptoms, experiences) as well as factors correlated with these phenomena. We also investigated the role of gender in relation to the experience of sleep paralysis. We used a selected sample of subjects who had had at least one sleep paralysis experience, with a total of 380 subjects. On average, the participants experienced 10-20 sleep paralysis episodes. We found high and expected positive correlations between the frequency of sleep paralysis experiences and the amount of phenomena, emotions, and perceived shapes and forms experienced during sleep paralysis. An increased frequency of sleep paralysis also appears to lead to habituation and de-dramatization in some affected individuals. Interestingly, significant correlations are missing where one would have suspected them based on the previous hypotheses. Neither self-perceived general stress nor poor sleep hygiene appeared to influence the frequency of sleep paralysis. We found highly significant gender differences in some items. Women reported more experienced phenomena and emotions overall, had more frequent sleep paralysis experiences of the intruder and incubus type, and were significantly more likely to perceive concrete forms such as human figures or people they know. They were also more likely than men to report experiencing fearful emotions, especially the fear of going crazy. Most of these findings were based on exploratory questions; they require replication for validation.
我们展示了一项关于孤立性睡眠麻痹的在线调查的一些关键发现。我们研究的目的是全面了解睡眠麻痹的频率与几种现象（症状、经历）之间的相关性，以及与这些现象相关的因素。我们还研究了性别在睡眠麻痹经历中的作用。我们使用了一个经过挑选的样本，这些受试者至少有过一次睡眠麻痹经历，总共有380名受试者。平均而言，参与者经历了10至20次睡眠麻痹发作。我们发现睡眠麻痹经历的频率与睡眠麻痹期间经历的现象、情绪以及感知到的形状和形式的数量之间存在高度且符合预期的正相关。睡眠麻痹频率的增加在一些受影响的个体中似乎也会导致习惯化和去戏剧化。有趣的是，根据先前的假设本应出现显著相关性的地方却并未出现。自我感知的一般压力和不良的睡眠卫生似乎都不会影响睡眠麻痹的频率。我们发现某些项目存在高度显著的性别差异。总体而言，女性报告经历的现象和情绪更多，经历侵入者和梦魔类型的睡眠麻痹更频繁，并且明显更有可能感知到具体的形式，如人物形象或他们认识的人。她们也比男性更有可能报告经历恐惧情绪，尤其是害怕发疯。这些发现大多基于探索性问题；它们需要重复验证。
