乳酸菌对产毒真菌污染玉米青贮发酵品质及霉菌毒素浓度的影响。
Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Fermentation Quality and Mycotoxins Concentrations of Corn Silage Infested with Mycotoxigenic Fungi.
机构信息
Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
出版信息
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Oct 1;13(10):699. doi: 10.3390/toxins13100699.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on fermentation quality, mycotoxin concentrations, and microbial communities of whole-crop corn silages infested with mycotoxigenic fungi. Cultured spores (10 cfu/mL) of mycotoxigenic and were sprayed (5 mL) on corn forage on 27 July and 10 August 2018. On 21 August 2018, sprayed (FI; 3 plots) and unsprayed (NFI; 3 plots) corn forage were harvested at the 1/2 kernel milk line stage, followed by chopping and ensiling without inoculants (CON), or with (LB, 1 × 10 cfu/g FW), (LT, 1 × 10 cfu/g FW), or + (BT: both and applied at 0.5 × 10 cfu/g FW). After 90 d of ensiling, FI silages had a higher ( < 0.05) pH value and higher acetic acid (ACA), ethanol, and ammonia nitrogen (ammonia N) concentrations, but lower ( < 0.05) lactic acid (LA) concentrations than NFI silage. The inoculants decreased pH and increased LA concentration and LA/ACA compared with CON. The aflatoxin B (AFB) was only detected in FI fresh corn and silages; ensiling decreased ( < 0.05) AFB concentration compared with fresh corn, and LB and BT decreased AFB concentration compared with CON. The zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), and fumonisin B (FB) concentrations were similar ( < 0.05) for NFI silages, while ZEN concentration in BT was the lowest ( < 0.05) among all FI silages; DON and FB concentrations in LB, LT, and BT silages were significantly lower ( < 0.05) than those of CON in FI silages. The fungal infestation increased the bacterial and fungal diversity of silages compared with NFI silages. The FI silages had a higher relative abundance (RA) of , , , , and than the corresponding NFI silages. The RA of and markedly decreased after 90 d of ensiling, and the inoculation expanded this trend irrespective of fungal infestation. The in FI silages survived after 90 d of ensiling, while the inoculants decreased the RA of . Inoculants mitigate the adverse effects of fungal infestation on corn silage quality by changing the bacterial and fungal communities.
本研究旨在评估乳酸菌（LAB）对受产毒真菌污染的全株玉米青贮发酵品质、霉菌毒素浓度和微生物群落的影响。在 2018 年 7 月 27 日和 8 月 10 日，将产毒真菌的培养孢子（10 cfu/mL）喷洒（5 mL）在玉米饲料上。2018 年 8 月 21 日，在半乳浆阶段收获喷洒（FI；3 个地块）和未喷洒（NFI；3 个地块）的玉米饲料，然后不接种（CON）、或接种（LB，1×10 cfu/g FW）、（LT，1×10 cfu/g FW）或（BT：同时接种 和 ，浓度为 0.5×10 cfu/g FW）进行切碎和青贮。青贮 90 天后，FI 青贮的 pH 值更高（<0.05），乙酸（ACA）、乙醇和氨氮（ammonia N）浓度更高，但乳酸（LA）浓度更低（<0.05）。与 CON 相比，接种剂降低了 pH 值，增加了 LA 浓度和 LA/ACA。仅在 FI 新鲜玉米和青贮中检测到黄曲霉毒素 B（AFB）；与新鲜玉米相比，青贮降低了 AFB 浓度，与 CON 相比，LB 和 BT 降低了 AFB 浓度。玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和伏马菌素 B（FB）浓度在 NFI 青贮中相似（<0.05），而 BT 青贮中 ZEN 浓度在所有 FI 青贮中最低（<0.05）；LB、LT 和 BT 青贮中 DON 和 FB 浓度显著低于 FI 青贮中 CON 的浓度（<0.05）。真菌侵染增加了青贮的细菌和真菌多样性，与 NFI 青贮相比。FI 青贮的相对丰度（RA）高于相应的 NFI 青贮，包括、、、和。青贮 90 天后，RA 明显降低，接种剂扩大了这一趋势，与真菌侵染无关。FI 青贮中的在青贮 90 天后存活下来，而接种剂降低了 的 RA。接种剂通过改变细菌和真菌群落来减轻真菌侵染对玉米青贮质量的不利影响。
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