Horgan Finbarr G, Peñalver Cruz Ainara, Arida Arriza, Ferrater Jedeliza B, Bernal Carmencita C
EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56 P499 Country Cork, Ireland.
Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Casilla 7-D, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
Insects. 2021 Oct 6;12(10):908. doi: 10.3390/insects12100908.
The adaptation by planthoppers to feed and develop on resistant rice is a challenge for pest management in Asia. We conducted a series of manipulative experiments with the brown planthopper ( (Stål)) on the resistant rice variety IR62 (/ genes) to assess behavioral and bionomic changes in planthoppers exhibiting virulence adaptation. We also examined the potential role of yeast-like symbionts (YLS) in virulence adaptation by assessing progeny fitness (survival × reproduction) following controlled matings between virulent males or females and avirulent males or females, and by manipulating YLS densities in progeny through heat treatment. We found virulence-adapted planthoppers developed faster, grew larger, had adults that survived for longer, had female-biased progeny, and produced more eggs than non-selected planthoppers on the resistant variety. However, feeding capacity-as revealed through honeydew composition-remained inefficient on IR62, even after 20+ generations of exposure to the resistant host. Virulence was derived from both the male and female parents; however, females contributed more than males to progeny virulence. We found that YLS are essential for normal planthopper development and densities are highest in virulent nymphs feeding on the resistant host; however, we found only weak evidence that YLS densities contributed more to virulence. Virulence against IR62 in the brown planthopper, therefore, involves a complex of traits that encompass a series of behavioral, physiological, and genetic mechanisms, some of which are determined only by the female parent.
褐飞虱适应在抗性水稻上取食和生长，这对亚洲的害虫管理构成了挑战。我们用褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)）在抗性水稻品种IR62（携带Bph14/15基因）上进行了一系列操控实验，以评估表现出毒力适应性的褐飞虱的行为和生物学变化。我们还通过评估毒力雄虫或雌虫与无毒力雄虫或雌虫之间的受控交配后的子代适合度（存活×繁殖），以及通过热处理来操纵子代中的酵母样共生菌（YLS）密度，研究了YLS在毒力适应中的潜在作用。我们发现，与未选择的褐飞虱相比，适应毒力的褐飞虱发育更快、体型更大、成虫存活时间更长、子代偏雌且在抗性品种上产卵更多。然而，即使在接触抗性寄主20多代后，通过蜜露成分揭示的取食能力在IR62上仍然低效。毒力来自父本和母本；然而，母本对子代毒力的贡献大于父本。我们发现YLS对褐飞虱的正常发育至关重要，且在取食抗性寄主的有毒若虫中密度最高；然而，我们仅发现微弱证据表明YLS密度对毒力的贡献更大。因此，褐飞虱对IR62的毒力涉及一系列行为、生理和遗传机制的复杂组合，其中一些仅由母本决定。
