Bukke Vidyasagar Naik, Archana Moola, Villani Rosanna, Serviddio Gaetano, Cassano Tommaso
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Sep 24;14(10):965. doi: 10.3390/ph14100965.
Synthetic Cannabinoids (CBs) are a novel class of psychoactive substances that have rapidly evolved around the world with the addition of diverse structural modifications to existing molecules which produce new structural analogues that can be associated with serious adverse health effects. Synthetic CBs represent the largest class of drugs detected by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) with a total of 207 substances identified from 2008 to October 2020, and 9 compounds being reported for the first time. Synthetic CBs are sprayed on natural harmless herbs with an aim to mimic the euphoric effect of Cannabis. They are sold under different brand names including Black mamba, spice, K2, Bombay Blue, etc. As these synthetic CBs act as full agonists at the CB receptors, they are much more potent than natural Cannabis and have been increasingly associated with acute to chronic intoxications and death. Due to their potential toxicity and abuse, the US government has listed some synthetic CBs under schedule 1 classification. The present review aims to provide a focused overview of the literature concerning the development of synthetic CBs, their abuse, and potential toxicological effects including renal toxicity, respiratory depression, hyperemesis syndrome, cardiovascular effects, and a range of effects on brain function.
合成大麻素（CBs）是一类新型精神活性物质，随着对现有分子进行各种结构修饰以产生可与严重不良健康影响相关联的新结构类似物，这类物质在全球迅速演变。合成大麻素是欧洲药物和药物成瘾监测中心（EMCDDA）检测到的最大一类药物，2008年至2020年10月共鉴定出207种物质，其中9种化合物为首次报告。合成大麻素被喷洒在天然无害的草药上，旨在模仿大麻的欣快效果。它们以不同的品牌名称出售，包括黑曼巴、香料、K2、孟买蓝等。由于这些合成大麻素在CB受体上起完全激动剂的作用，它们比天然大麻的效力要强得多，并且越来越多地与急性至慢性中毒及死亡相关。由于其潜在的毒性和滥用情况，美国政府已将一些合成大麻素列为一类管制物质。本综述旨在重点概述有关合成大麻素的发展、滥用及其潜在毒理学效应的文献，这些效应包括肾毒性、呼吸抑制、呕吐综合征、心血管效应以及对脑功能的一系列影响。
