School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 18;18(20):10925. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010925.
Lead (Pb) isotopes have been widely used to identify and quantify Pb contamination in the environment. Here, the Pb isotopes, as well as the current contamination levels of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg, were investigated in soil and sediment from the historical gold mining area upstream of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, China. The sediment had higher Pb/Pb ratios (1.137 ± 0.0111) than unpolluted soil did (1.167 ± 0.0029), while the soil samples inside the mining area were much more variable (1.121 ± 0.0175). The mean concentrations (soil/sediment in mg·kg) of Pb (2470/42.5), Zn (181/113), Cu (199/36.7), Cr (117/68.8), Ni (40.4/28.9), Cd (0.791/0.336), As (8.52/5.10), and Hg (0.168/0.000343) characterized the soil/sediment of the studied area with mean values of the potentially toxic element (PTE) ranging from -4.71 to 9.59 for soil and from -3.39 to 2.43 for sediment. Meanwhile, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) coupled with Pearson's correlation coefficient among PTEs indicated that the major source of the Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd contamination was likely the mining activities. Evidence from Pb isotopic fingerprinting and a binary mixing model further confirmed that Pb contamination in soil and sediment came from mixed sources that are dominated by mining activity. These results highlight the persistence of PTE contamination in the historical mining site and the usefulness of Pb isotopes combined with multivariate statistical analysis to quantify contamination from mining activities.
铅（Pb）同位素已被广泛用于识别和量化环境中的 Pb 污染。在这里，研究了中国北京密云水库上游历史采金区土壤和沉积物中的 Pb 同位素以及当前的 Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As 和 Hg 污染水平。与未受污染的土壤（1.167 ± 0.0029）相比，沉积物的 Pb/Pb 比值更高（1.137 ± 0.0111），而矿区内的土壤样本则变化更大（1.121 ± 0.0175）。Pb（土壤/沉积物中为 2470/42.5mg·kg）、Zn（181/113mg·kg）、Cu（199/36.7mg·kg）、Cr（117/68.8mg·kg）、Ni（40.4/28.9mg·kg）、Cd（0.791/0.336mg·kg）、As（8.52/5.10mg·kg）和 Hg（0.168/0.000343mg·kg）的平均值特征化了研究区的土壤/沉积物，潜在有毒元素（PTE）的平均值范围为土壤中为-4.71 至 9.59，沉积物中为-3.39 至 2.43。同时，主成分分析（PCA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）结合 PTE 之间的皮尔逊相关系数表明，Cu、Zn、Pb 和 Cd 污染的主要来源可能是采矿活动。Pb 同位素指纹分析和二元混合模型的证据进一步证实，土壤和沉积物中的 Pb 污染来自以采矿活动为主的混合来源。这些结果突出了历史采矿区 PTE 污染的持久性以及 Pb 同位素与多元统计分析相结合量化采矿活动污染的有用性。
