Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Jun;249:208-216. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.034. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
Apportioning sources of environmental pollutants is key to controlling pollution. In this study, the sources of heavy metals to 234 agricultural soils from the Jianghan Plain (JHP) (∼22454 km) in central China were discriminated between using Cd and Pb isotope compositions and multivariate statistical analyses. Concentrations of some metals in JHP soils (0.48 ± 0.2, 48.2 ± 15.9, 0.12 ± 0.23, 48.8 ± 16.4, 36.5 ± 9.8, and 96.8 ± 42.2 mg kg for Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively) were higher than background concentrations in Chinese soil. The Cd isotope compositions for the JHP soils (δCd values -0.76‰ to -0.25‰) were similar to Cd isotope compositions found for smelter dust and incinerator fly ash, indicating Cd was supplied to the JHP soils by ore smelting and/or refining processes. The Pb isotope compositions for the JHP soils (Pb/Pb 1.182-1.195 and Pb/Pb 2.078-2.124) were between the Pb isotope compositions found for Chinese coal and natural sources, which a binary isotope mixing model indicated contributed 52% and 48%, respectively, of the Pb in JHP soils. Cluster analysis and positive matrix factorization indicated that the sources of heavy metals in JHP soils may consist of smelting and/or refining activities, coal combustion, agricultural activities, and natural sources (including Han River sediment and soil parent materials). The isotope fingerprints and multivariate statistical analyses together indicated that coal combustion and smelting and/or refining activities were the main anthropogenic sources of heavy metals polluting JHP soils.
分配环境污染物的来源是控制污染的关键。本研究采用 Cd 和 Pb 同位素组成及多元统计分析方法，对来自中国中部江汉平原（JHP）（∼22454 km）的 234 个农业土壤中的重金属来源进行了区分。JHP 土壤中一些金属的浓度（0.48±0.2、48.2±15.9、0.12±0.23、48.8±16.4、36.5±9.8 和 96.8±42.2 mg kg 分别为 Cd、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）高于中国土壤的背景浓度。JHP 土壤的 Cd 同位素组成（δCd 值为-0.76‰至-0.25‰）与冶炼厂粉尘和焚烧炉飞灰中的 Cd 同位素组成相似，表明 Cd 是由矿石冶炼和/或精炼过程提供给 JHP 土壤的。JHP 土壤的 Pb 同位素组成（Pb/Pb 为 1.182-1.195 和 Pb/Pb 为 2.078-2.124）介于中国煤和自然源的 Pb 同位素组成之间，二元同位素混合模型表明，这两种来源分别贡献了 JHP 土壤中 Pb 的 52%和 48%。聚类分析和正定矩阵因子分析表明，JHP 土壤中重金属的来源可能包括冶炼和/或精炼活动、煤燃烧、农业活动和自然源（包括汉江沉积物和土壤母质）。同位素指纹和多元统计分析均表明，煤燃烧和冶炼和/或精炼活动是污染 JHP 土壤重金属的主要人为来源。
