Murali Mahadevamurthy, Kalegowda Nataraj, Gowtham Hittanahallikoppal G, Ansari Mohammad Azam, Alomary Mohammad N, Alghamdi Saad, Shilpa Natarajamurthy, Singh Sudarshana B, Thriveni M C, Aiyaz Mohammed, Angaswamy Nataraju, Lakshmidevi Nanjaiah, Adil Syed F, Hatshan Mohammad R, Amruthesh Kestur Nagaraj
Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India.
Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Oct 11;13(10):1662. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101662.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles have become one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles and recently emerged as a promising potential candidate in the fields of optical, electrical, food packaging, and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low cost. They have a role in cell apoptosis, as they trigger excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and release zinc ions (Zn) that induce cell death. The zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the plant extracts appear to be simple, safer, sustainable, and more environmentally friendly compared to the physical and chemical routes. These biosynthesized nanoparticles possess strong biological activities and are in use for various biological applications in several industries. Initially, the present review discusses the synthesis and recent advances of zinc oxide nanoparticles from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds) and their biomedical applications (such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, photocatalytic, wound healing, and drug delivery), followed by their mechanisms of action involved in detail. This review also covers the drug delivery application of plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles, focusing on the drug-loading mechanism, stimuli-responsive controlled release, and therapeutic effect. Finally, the future direction of these synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles' research and applications are discussed.
氧化锌纳米颗粒已成为最受欢迎的金属氧化物纳米颗粒之一，由于其生物相容性、低毒性和低成本，最近在光学、电学、食品包装和生物医学应用领域成为有潜力的候选材料。它们在细胞凋亡中起作用，因为它们会引发过量活性氧（ROS）的形成并释放诱导细胞死亡的锌离子（Zn）。与物理和化学方法相比，使用植物提取物合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒似乎更简单、更安全、更可持续且更环保。这些生物合成的纳米颗粒具有很强的生物活性，并在多个行业的各种生物应用中得到应用。本文首先讨论了从植物来源（如叶子、茎、树皮、根、根茎、果实、花朵和种子）合成氧化锌纳米颗粒的方法和最新进展及其生物医学应用（如抗菌、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗癌、抗炎、光催化、伤口愈合和药物递送），随后详细介绍了其作用机制。本综述还涵盖了植物介导的氧化锌纳米颗粒的药物递送应用，重点关注药物负载机制、刺激响应控释和治疗效果。最后，讨论了这些合成氧化锌纳米颗粒研究和应用的未来方向。
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