芳香烃受体（AhR）在大脑衰老标志中的作用：朋友与敌人。
The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe.
机构信息
Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62901, USA.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62901, USA.
出版信息
Cells. 2021 Oct 13;10(10):2729. doi: 10.3390/cells10102729.
In recent years, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has been considered to be involved in aging phenotypes across several species. This receptor is a highly conserved biosensor that is activated by numerous exogenous and endogenous molecules, including microbiota metabolites, to mediate several physiological and toxicological functions. Brain aging hallmarks, which include glial cell activation and inflammation, increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence, increase the vulnerability of humans to various neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, many studies have implicated AhR signaling pathways in the aging process and longevity across several species. This review provides an overview of the impact of AhR pathways on various aging hallmarks in the brain and the implications for AhR signaling as a mechanism in regulating aging-related diseases of the brain. We also explore how the nature of AhR ligands determines the outcomes of several signaling pathways in brain aging processes.
近年来，芳香烃受体（AhR）作为一种配体激活的转录因子，被认为参与了多个物种的衰老表型。该受体是一种高度保守的生物传感器，可被多种外源性和内源性分子激活，包括微生物群代谢物，以介导多种生理和毒理学功能。大脑衰老的特征包括神经胶质细胞激活和炎症、氧化应激增加、线粒体功能障碍和细胞衰老，这增加了人类易患各种神经退行性疾病的脆弱性。有趣的是，许多研究表明 AhR 信号通路在多个物种的衰老过程和长寿中发挥作用。本综述概述了 AhR 通路对大脑中各种衰老特征的影响，以及 AhR 信号作为调节与年龄相关的大脑疾病的机制的意义。我们还探讨了 AhR 配体的性质如何决定大脑衰老过程中几种信号通路的结果。
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