J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2022 Jan-Feb;62(1):241-246. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.09.012. Epub 2021 Oct 1.
The United States is experiencing an opioid crisis, substantially worsened by the pandemic. Pharmacists play a critical role in expanding access to care through harm reduction efforts and medications to treat opioid use disorder (mOUD), yet lack necessary education and resources. Academic detailing is a one-on-one technique, which can effectively address educational gaps.
The purpose was to assess needs and equip pharmacy staff to address the health of people with substance use disorders (SUD).
Community pharmacists provide ongoing care for patients with SUD.
Based on needs' assessment findings, an academic detailing program was designed to provide education and resources for community pharmacies. The project sought to assess current practice and needs and address pharmacists' skills in managing patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and/or at risk for overdose (OD). Visits were scheduled in high-risk regions. Coaching and materials were provided.
Detailers completed visits reports. Discrete variables were reported using descriptive statistics. Associations between discrete variables were detected with Chi-square or Fisher's exact test.
Detailers visited 136 pharmacies. Most stocked naloxone (86.8%), mOUD (94.9%) and would sell syringes (64%) per state law. Fifty-seven percent of pharmacies provided all of these services. However, additional education and resources were needed. Only 27.9% had naloxone signage and/or handouts; 22.1% had supplemental materials; and 25% had referral information. When asked to explain barriers, frequently cited themes included providing resources/help, financial issues, stigma, and transportation.
Pharmacists routinely care for patients at risk for OD and diagnosed with OUD. Academic detailing is a well-received strategy to disseminate education and materials, while gathering information about pharmacist needs and barriers. However, there remains room for expansion of services and opportunities for improved care. Further efforts should incorporate ongoing training and access to materials with visual cues, as well as referral and cost savings information.
美国正经历一场阿片类药物危机，这场危机因大流行病而进一步恶化。药剂师在通过减少伤害和提供治疗阿片类药物使用障碍（mOUD）的药物来扩大获得治疗的机会方面发挥着关键作用，但他们缺乏必要的教育和资源。学术细化是一种一对一的技术，可以有效地解决教育差距问题。
评估需求并为药剂师提供解决药物使用障碍患者健康问题的相关知识。
社区药剂师为有药物使用障碍（SUD）的患者提供持续的护理。
根据需求评估结果，设计了一个学术细化计划，为社区药店提供教育和资源。该项目旨在评估当前的实践和需求，并解决药剂师管理阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）和/或有过量用药（OD）风险的患者的技能。访问安排在高风险地区。提供辅导和材料。
细化人员完成访问报告。使用描述性统计报告离散变量。使用卡方检验或 Fisher 精确检验检测离散变量之间的关联。
细化人员访问了 136 家药店。根据州法律，大多数药店储备纳洛酮（86.8%）、mOUD（94.9%）和可以销售注射器（64%）。57%的药店提供所有这些服务。然而，他们仍需要更多的教育和资源。只有 27.9%的药店有纳洛酮标识和/或宣传册；22.1%的药店有补充材料；25%的药店有转诊信息。当被问及解释障碍时，经常提到的主题包括提供资源/帮助、财务问题、污名化和交通问题。
药剂师经常为有 OD 风险和诊断为 OUD 的患者提供护理。学术细化是一种很受欢迎的策略，可以传播教育和材料，同时收集有关药剂师需求和障碍的信息。然而，在扩大服务和改善护理方面仍有很大的空间。进一步的努力应包括持续培训和提供带有视觉提示的材料，以及转诊和节省成本的信息。
