Zhou Zhaobin, Xie Yinqian, Wu Chunyan, Nan Yuchen
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Oct 7;12:739124. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.739124. eCollection 2021.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen causing hepatitis in both human and animal hosts, which is responsible for acute hepatitis E outbreaks worldwide. The 7.2 kb genome of the HEV encodes three well-defined open reading frames (ORFs), where the ORF2 translation product acts as the major virion component to form the viral capsid. In recent years, besides forming the capsid, more functions have been revealed for the HEV-ORF2 protein, and it appears that HEV-ORF2 plays multiple functions in both viral replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent research advances regarding the function of the HEV-ORF2 protein such as application in the development of a vaccine, regulation of the innate immune response and cellular signaling, involvement in host tropism and participation in HEV pathogenesis as a novel secretory factor. Progress in understanding more of the function of HEV-ORF2 protein beyond the capsid protein would contribute to improved control and treatment of HEV infection.
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是一种人畜共患病原体，可在人类和动物宿主中引发肝炎，是全球急性戊型肝炎暴发的病因。HEV的7.2 kb基因组编码三个明确的开放阅读框（ORF），其中ORF2翻译产物作为主要病毒体成分形成病毒衣壳。近年来，除了形成衣壳外，HEV-ORF2蛋白还展现出更多功能，并且HEV-ORF2似乎在病毒复制和发病机制中发挥多种作用。在本综述中，我们系统总结了关于HEV-ORF2蛋白功能的最新研究进展，例如在疫苗开发中的应用、对先天免疫反应和细胞信号传导的调节、参与宿主嗜性以及作为一种新型分泌因子参与HEV发病机制。深入了解HEV-ORF2蛋白超越衣壳蛋白的更多功能方面的进展，将有助于改善对HEV感染的控制和治疗。
