Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2021 Nov 3;23(42):24439-24448. doi: 10.1039/d1cp03610f.
Avobenzone is an ultraviolet (UV) filter that is often included in sunscreen formulations despite its lack of photostability. Its inclusion is necessary due to few existing alternatives for photoprotection in the UVA region (320-400 nm). To better understand and predict the photostability of avobenzone, ultrafast transient electronic absorption spectroscopy (TEAS) has been used to study the effects of solvent (including emollients), concentration and skin surface temperature on its excited-state relaxation mechanism, following photoexcitation with UVA radiation (∼350 nm). Subtle differences between the excited-state lifetimes were found between the systems, but the TEAS spectral features were qualitatively the same for all solution and temperature combinations. Alongside TEAS measurements, UV filter/emollient blends containing avobenzone were irradiated using simulated solar light and their degradation tracked using steady-state UV-visible spectroscopy. Sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) assessments were also carried out on representative oil phases (higher concentration blends), which could be used to formulate oil-in-water sunscreens. It was found that there was an apparent concentration dependence on the long-term photoprotective efficacy of these mixtures, which could be linked to the ultrafast photodynamics by the presence of a ground-state bleach offset. This combination of techniques shows potential for correlating long-term behaviours (minutes to hours) of avobenzone with its ultrafast photophysics (femtoseconds to nanoseconds), bridging the gap between fundamental photophysics/photochemistry and commercial sunscreen design.
阿伏苯宗是一种紫外线 (UV) 过滤器,尽管其光稳定性差,但仍常被包含在防晒霜配方中。由于在 UVA 区域(320-400nm)中几乎没有用于光保护的现有替代品,因此必须包含它。为了更好地理解和预测阿伏苯宗的光稳定性,超快瞬态电子吸收光谱 (TEAS) 已被用于研究溶剂(包括润肤剂)、浓度和皮肤表面温度对其激发态弛豫机制的影响,方法是用 UVA 辐射(约 350nm)进行光激发。在这些体系之间发现了激发态寿命之间的细微差异,但 TEAS 光谱特征在所有溶液和温度组合中都是定性相同的。除了 TEAS 测量之外,还使用模拟太阳光照射含有阿伏苯宗的紫外线过滤器/润肤剂混合物,并使用稳态紫外可见光谱跟踪其降解。还对代表性油相(较高浓度混合物)进行了防晒因子 (SPF) 和 UVA 防护因子 (UVA-PF) 评估,这些油相可用于配制油包水防晒霜。结果发现,这些混合物的长期光防护效果明显存在浓度依赖性,这可以通过基态漂白偏移的存在与超快光动力学相关联。这种组合技术显示出将阿伏苯宗的长期行为(从分钟到小时)与其超快光物理(飞秒到纳秒)相关联的潜力,从而弥合基础光物理/光化学与商业防晒霜设计之间的差距。
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